tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-39560212132262872772023-06-20T06:42:12.708-07:00How to write a reseach paperTopics On Japan Argumentative Research PaperRyan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.comBlogger156125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-62482525771293429832020-08-24T05:06:00.001-07:002020-08-24T05:06:04.191-07:00Economic Growth of New Zealand-Free-Samples-Myassignmentshelp.ComQuestions: 1.State the most recent yearly development rate accessible for New Zealand and Australia and work out how long it would take for New Zealands per capita GDP to overwhelm that of Australias? 2.New Zealand is viewed as a hero Economy. Utilizing the Income Accounting personality clarify which segments have Performe well. 3.Explain how this understanding effectsly affects the economy of the two Countries and what are the others key purposes of this sort of Economic idea. 4.Explain the impacts of the mining blast on the Australian Economy. Answers: 1.New Zealand, viewed as an economy encountering the quickest development among all the economies in the OECD nations, encountered a development of 2.5% and 3.1% progressively in 2015 and 2016, with its GDP expanding from 173 billion USD in 2015 to 182 billion USD in 2016. The GDP per capita of the nation expanded $37,294 (2015) to $38,320 (2016) (Data.worldbank.org, 2017). Australia, then again, is a profoundly evolved economy, with GDP being 1,230 billion USD in 2015 and 1,260 billion USD in 2016. The development of this economy in any case, has been nearly lower, with a 2.4% development in 2015 and 2.5% development in 2016. The economy encountered a little increment in the GDP per capita, from $51,363 in 2015 to $51,878 in 2016 (Dailytelegraph.com.au, 2017). The development pace of New Zealands per capita GDP is 0.03 (3%) and that of Australia is 0.01 (1%) [Using the equation: (GDP per capita of Year 2/GDP per capita of Year 1) 1] (Pitt.edu, 2017). The future estimations of per capita GDP of both the nations can be determined as follows (The equation being a conclusion of the Rule of 70): FV|NZ=38,320*(1+0.03)n FV|Aus=51,878*(1+0.01)n [Where n= number of years in future (Pitt.edu, 2017)] With the assistance of the above formulae, the accompanying outcomes are acquired: n New Zealand Australia 15 59,701 60,228 20 69,210 63,301 In this manner, inside 15 to 20 years from the 2016, per capita GDP of New Zealand will overwhelm that of Australia 2.The development of New Zealands economy can be broke down segment insightful with the assistance of National Income Accounting condition, which is as per the following: Gross domestic product = C+I+G+(X-M) [C = Private Consumption Expenditure, I = Private Investment Expenditure, G = Public Expenditure (Consumption and Investment), X = Exports and M = Imports (Cooper, Edey and Peacock 2013)] C: Nominal estimation of private utilization has not expanded fundamentally throughout the years, however the relative worth has seen a generally higher development. I: Investment, however drooped to 15.1% of Real GDP during downturn, restored to 18.7% in the ongoing years. G: The open utilization expanded altogether, at the same time, government venture stays low at 21% of Real GDP (Lower than 20 years mean of 21.6%). Net Exports (X-M): Post Liberalization (1980s), the two fares and imports expanded altogether, with volume of imports being higher than volume of fares (Kelsey 2015). 3.The Closer Economic Relations, which came in power in 1983, was common understanding of unhindered commerce between New Zealand and Australia. The end of taxes and amount limitations between two nations were among the principle arrangements planned under this understanding. This understanding succeeded hugely in expanding the global pieces of the pie of both the nations (News.com.au, 2017). Them two encountered a 8 to 9 percent mean development. The key goals behind this idea were monetary reconciliation and cooperative financial development of the two nations, which were effectively accomplished (Reinalda 2013). 4.The mining blast began in Australia from 2003, with a gigantic increment in the worldwide interest and costs of the mining fares of Australia. The global cost of these fares, particularly iron metals, saw multiple occasions increment longer than 10 years, significantly expanding Australias GDP just as way of life (News.com.au, 2017). This prompted venture moving towards this area (Investment expanding from 2% to 8% over that period). In any case, the costs of iron metals saw a huge low in the ongoing time frame, prompting a colossal cutting back of the countrys financial plan, as significant portion of the countrys GDP relied upon this mining area and over-stressing on mining prompted more slender centralization of interest in different parts of the economy (Downes, Hanslow and Tulip 2014) References: Cooper, R., Edey, H.C. what's more, Peacock, A.T., 2013.National salary and social bookkeeping. Routledge. Dailytelegraph.com.au (2017).The Kiwis are on our financial tails. [online] Dailytelegraph.com.au. Accessible at: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/business/jessica-irvine/new-zealand-is-kicking-australias-economy/report/cdce93e5511f96f9b45a3406ddef4805 [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Data.worldbank.org (2017).Countries | Data. [online] Data.worldbank.org. Accessible at: https://data.worldbank.org/nation/[Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Downes, P.M., Hanslow, K. also, Tulip, P., 2014. The impact of the mining blast on the Australian economy. Kelsey, J., 2015.Reclaiming the future: New Zealand and the worldwide economy. Bridget Williams Books. News.com.au (2017).Three things that improve New Zealand than Australia. [online] NewsComAu. Accessible at: https://www.news.com.au/account/economy/three-things-that-improve new-zealand/report/efb745fbae40c0dd14e444cdeb60b3fd [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Pitt.edu (2017).Bernanke - Chap. 8 - Economic Growth. [online] Pitt.edu. Accessible at: https://www.pitt.edu/~mgahagan/Bern8.htm [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Reinalda, B. ed., 2013.Routledge handbook of global association. Routledge. Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-46629489164594720382020-08-22T00:35:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:35:28.872-07:00The Cold War An Introduction History EssayThe Cold War An Introduction History Essay The Cold war is a time of continued political and military coercion and turmoil between the Western Superpowers, viz. The USA Of America , and its NATO partners , and theâ communist world, drove by the erstwhileà Soviet Union, itsâ satellite states and partners 1947 1991. It happened post the second universal war, and was a blend of strict campaign for one belief system or the other, and of the most merciless force legislative issues, striking out for bit of leeway or development in Europe as well as everywhere throughout the world.â [1]â The war was cold just in that the USA and USSR never battled each other in an immediate military showdown, however the two superpowers compromised every o withâ nuclear annihilationâ and took an interest as often as possible in intermediary wars by supporting unified countries in various hot wars in places likeà Korean,à Vietnam), andà Angola. The Cold War characterized the two nations international strategies during that time half of the twentieth century, as Americans and Soviets went after partners to keep up and augment their separate ranges of authority around the globe. Each side saw the Cold War as a fight between developments; in the overall conflict between American free enterprise and Soviet Communism, just one could win. For over forty years, the Soviet-American clash balanced substantial over worldwide issues, molding the world with massiveâ military developments, a never-endingâ nuclear weapons contest, intensiveâ espionage, and fierceâ technological competition â as each side attempted to pick up the high ground in anticipation of the atomic hot warâ all people dreaded would some time or another come.â [2]â The reasons for the Cold War. We can isolate the reasons for the Cold War into two kinds of causes viz. The basic causes and the prompt causes. The Underlying Causes are :- (I) Ideological Causes: The USA and the Soviet Union speak to two restricting frameworks of government. In the USA, the administration is chosen by free decisions for example the individuals can frame ideological groups to voice their political sentiments. They additionally have the privilege of get together, of discourse and of the press. In the Soviet Union, the legislature is framed by the Communist Party. The individuals don't reserve the option to frame their own ideological groups. They detest the privilege of get together, of discourse and of the press. Since these two frameworks of government are oppositely restricted to each other, there can be little trade off between the USA and the Soviet Union. (ii) Economic Causes: The USA needed to empower organized commerce all through the world and the USSR needed to shield off its own circle from universal business. Russia expected that exchange with the West would include the danger of Russia being opened to western impacts which would have dissolved the quality of the extremist system. These distinctions prompted a lot of sick inclination between the USA and the USSR. Prompt Causes of Cold war: Beginning clash between the Soviet Union and the United States started at the harmony time gatherings. Their contention was escalated after President Truman announced the Truman Doctrine and propelled the Marshall Plan in 1947. (I) Extension of Russian impact in Europe: Indeed, even before the finish of the Second World War, the Soviet Union had continuously broadened its impact in Europe. By 1944, it controlled an enormous piece of Eastern Europe. By 1945, at the Yalta Conference, the Soviet Union got the Curzon Line as its new limit line with Poland and furthermore dealt with the eastern piece of Germany. As the war was attracting to a nearby in May 1945, the Soviet Union immediately merged its control of eastern Europe. (ii) The responses of the United States: Notwithstanding the expanding Russian impact in eastern and focal Europe, numerous government officials in the United States were hopeful about the odds of co-activity with the Soviet Union after the war and didn't advocate solid obstruction against Russian development. Be that as it may, from May 1945 onwards, the circumstance was changed. The U.S. government supported an arrangement of solid opposition against Russia. This was on the grounds that President Roosevelt - who was idealistic, accepted that however eastern Europe had fallen affected by Russia, Russia would stay faithful to its commitment made at Yalta by setting up unreservedly chose parliamentary governments in the territory thus didn't advocate solid opposition against Russian extension kicked the bucket on April 12, 1945. He was prevailing by Harry S. Truman who was a finished difference to Roosevelt. He didn't accept the socialists. He felt that the socialists would not set up fair governments in Eastern Europe. He likewise accepted that after the Soviet Union had built up its control in Eastern Europe, it would keep on broadening its impact into Western Europe. In this way President Truman supported an arrangement of solid opposition against Russian development. Theâ second reasonâ was that not long before the Potsdam Conference was to happen, the United States had effectively detonated its nuclear bomb. President Truman imagined that since the United States alone had the nuclear bomb, it could embrace a hardened demeanor towards Russian development in Europe. Theâ third reasonâ was that President Truman was appalled at the non-co-usable disposition of the Russians at the Potsdam Conference where Russia was resolved to correct overwhelming reparations from Germany. Russia likewise blamed the British for maintaining a reactionary government in Greece and supporting an Italian Fascist system in Trieste. Stalin additionally blocked Trumans proposition on the internationalization of all central conduits. (iii) Poor relations between the United States and the Soviet Union: The breaking down relations between the Soviet Unionâ and the United States were reflected in two minor occurrences in the year. Land-Lease was unexpectedly ended by the United States and the Russian solicitation for American monetary guide for the reasons for post-war remaking was overlooked by the administration of the United States.à (During the Second World War, the U.S. provided a lot of war material to the Allied countries through a Lend and Lease program. As the Lend and Lease program was out of nowhere halted, the war-attacked Soviet Union couldn't get American material help to enable its post-to war monetary reproduction.) The poor relations between the East and West were additionally reflected in a discourse by Churchill. In March 1946, Churchill gave a discourse at Fulton, Missouri in which he stated, From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron drapery has plummeted over the landmass . Behind that line lie all the capitals of the focal and eastern Europe all are subject in some structure to not exclusively to Soviet impact yet in addition to a high and expanding control from Moscow.â [3]â (iii) End of World War II and occasions paving the way to the Cold War When the World War II finished, clearly the partnership between USA, Britain, and USSR would end, as there were strain between the west and the east. The USSR joined the unified powers simply after Hitler sold out them. Additionally, the gigantic contrast in their political and financial philosophies would not let them remain unified for quite a while. The occasions that prompted the Cold war are 1) Yalta Conference (February 1945) Held during the war, by all accounts, the Yalta gathering appeared successful.â â At Yalta, the dealings went particularly in Stalins favor, however this was on the grounds that Roosevelt needed Russian assistance in the Pacific, and was set up to consent to nearly anything as long as Stalin consented to do battle with Japan.â Despite the fact that the Conference seemed effective, be that as it may, off camera, pressure was developing, especially about reparations, and about Poland.â â à â After the meeting, Churchill kept in touch with Roosevelt that The Soviet Union has gotten a threat to the free world.â And on their arrival home both he and Roosevelt were censured for parting with an excessive amount to the Soviets: The Potsdam Conference (July 1945) Serious contrasts emerged over the fate of Germany and Eastern Europe , and furthermore Truman Revealed to the USSR that it had an amazing new weapon ( the nuclear bomb) which launched the Nuclear Weapons Race that described the Cold War. The Truman Doctrine (March 1947) It was the informal approach of the US to stop the spread of socialism in Europe and different spots which clashed with the USSRs want to change over different nations to socialism. This additionally prompted the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan (June 1947) This was about US help to European nations, with which they wound up framing the NATO coalition. End Summarizing, we can say that the primary driver of Cold War are the occasions that approach it ,, for example, the Truman Doctrine , The Marshall plan , the Potsdam gathering and the Yalta Conference , and the contentions of the USSRs and USAs political and monetary philosophies. Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-6678300573064019252020-07-17T15:11:00.001-07:002020-07-17T15:11:02.852-07:00Paywalls for Content Monetization A Good Strategy Paywalls for Content Monetization A Good Strategy Many online content providers struggle to monetize their website traffic. The implementation of paywalls is one strategy they can use to generate revenue. © Shutterstock.com | sadsadangBut what are paywalls and are they a viable strategy for content monetization? This guide will look at the positives and the negatives of using paywalls. Weâll also share tips on how to pick the right strategy for your business.WHAT ARE PAYWALLS?Paywalls are essentially systems which prevent online users from accessing specific website content unless the user pays a fee. A paywall may restrict a specific site, story or publication and there are different levels of restriction in play.Furthermore, the fee is often offered on a subscription basis. For example, you can pay a monthly or an annual fee to access content. But you could also pay a onetime fee for unlimited access to specific content.Paywalls became more popular when print newspapers began to struggle. As readers began flocking online to receive their news, sales of print newspapers began to decline. Furthermore, many newspapers have found advertising revenue slipping away. According to Pew Re search, newspapers lost approximately $30 billion in advertising between 2006 and 2014. Thats why many traditional newspapers began implementing paywalls on their online content, in order to create a second revenue source.The first major newspaper to implement a paywall was The Wall Street Journal all the way back in 1997. It took quite a while before other major newspapers followed suit, but controversy sparked in 2010, when The Times implemented a paywall. The argument at the time was that The Times, a more generalist news provider, would suffer from the paywall, as people would simply go elsewhere to read the news. Furthermore, The New York Timesâ decision to use a paywall in 2011 was met with skepticism as well.Since then, many major news organizations and magazines have experimented with paywalls. There have been some success stories, while other organizations have changed or rolled back on their original paywall ideas. The discussions around paywalls have nonetheless remaine d heated.Hereâs media mogul Rupert Murdochâs take on paywalls: The difference between âsoftâ and âhardâ paywallsWhen it comes to paywalls, the distinction between âsoftâ and âhardâ systems is important to understand. As mentioned above, not all paywalls use a similar structure and the differences can be important when pondering over the effectiveness of this strategy.The difference between âsoftâ and âhardâ paywalls is as straightforward as the names might suggest.âSoftâ paywall is a flexible system, where the user can view certain content without subscription. This could be a selection of free content throughout the website or the ability to view a limited amount of content free per month.âHardâ paywall, on the other hand, means users are unable to read any content on the site without a subscription.A majority of newspapers tend to opt for different types of âsoftâ paywalls. On the contrary, many scientific publications often donât allow ac cess to the content without a subscription. As an example, the New York Times uses the âsoftâ paywall model, which allows users to view 10 articles for free. After that, they need to pay for additional content. The Times is one of the few newspapers, which implemented the âhardâ paywall, and the paper is still using this model.THE UPSIDE OF USING PAYWALLSUsing paywalls can provide organizations plenty of benefits. The most obvious upsides to using paywalls are listed below.Readers perceive the content as high-qualityHaving the content behind a paywall naturally adds an element of quality to the content. If I have to pay for it, it must be good, thats what many people think.When you use a paywall as a strategy, you need to ensure you offer something that readers cannot get for free. Newspapers often produce informed opinions, unusual stories and engaging arguments to provide readers a unique experience. Having limited access to information adds prestige to the content in a wa y free access doesnât.Therefore, a paywall differentiates websites from pure click bait sites. This is another way you can add prestige to the content and the brand. Being hit by a paywall tells the user the content is meant to provide a unique and informative experience, instead of being put out there to attract clicks for the website.In return, the extra revenue can be used to improve quality. Since the paywall provides a revenue stream for the organization, the business doesnât have to focus all of its efforts on attracting advertisers.Whilst newspapers were afraid to lose out on readers after implementing paywalls, quite the opposite has been true in the industry. In fact, some newspapers achieved their first rise in circulation after paywall introduction.Subscriptions provide regular revenuePaywalls provide organizations with a regular revenue stream in the form of subscriptions. There are a number of examples that show the successes of using paywalls.One example is the New York Times. Prior to establishing a paywall, the newspaperâs revenue ratio was 80-20. That means, the paper had 80% of its revenue was coming in from advertising, only 20% came from its readers. Hence, the paper had to focus much of its energy on ensuring advertisers are happy and continue advertising with the paper.After it began using a paywall system, the ratio changed dramatically. The paper now generates 53 cents from readers for every 47 cents it gets from advertisers. Moreover, the customer influences the way how the organization creates content. That leads to more high-quality content, which attracts more paying customers.The increasing subscription base has provided additional revenue to many news organizations that were previously struggling. For example, the Gannett Company, which owns publications such as the USA Today, added $100 million to its operating income through digital subscriptions in 2013.Furthermore, having a paywall means you have a qualified audience fo r your content. This means the person, whoâs willing to pay a certain amount of money to read your content, is an attractive target for advertisers. Organizations with paywalls can charge more for ads, since their audience isnât just browsing through the content, but more likely to engage with it and any appropriate advertising.The extra revenue stream paywalls provide is especially important at a time when traditional print channels are disintegrating. Studies have shown the new generation of consumers is more willing to pay for content, especially on mobile devices. Hence, subscription models arenât something consumers are automatically afraid of.Restricted access supports community buildingFinally, paywalls are a way to build a loyal community â" which will generate steady revenue. Users who have paid their subscriptions tend to want to get their moneyâs worth. Therefore, they are likely to consume as much content on your site as possible to feel they arenât paying the fee for nothing.This creates a loyal audience, which can help you to reach out to other potential customers. Users can tell their friends and family about the site and its benefits. In addition, they continue spending time on the site, engaging with it and other users, for example by commenting on news articles.A paywall can create a sense of community. Not everyone will be able to access the information on the site and this adds to the prestige, but also creates a sense of being part of a closed group.THE DOWNSIDE OF USING PAYWALLSDespite the above success stories, paywalls come with certain risks as well. Organizations that are thinking of implementing a paywall must consider the following downsides.Website must offer high qualityMedia and especially news organizations are currently in a revenue crisis. While the explosion of the Internet and the introduction of social media have led to increasing availability of information, it has also increased competition when it comes to tel ling those stories. When major newspapers announced plans to implement paywalls, there was the concern that people would simply go elsewhere to read their news.For example, after the New York Times implemented its paywall, it lost 10% of its readers in two years. The Times suffered bigger losses, losing 4 million readers after the implementation of the paywall. This amounted to over 60% of its readers.The problem for the above publications was the so-called generic content its site featured. Behind the paywall, organizations must offer something unique or different, otherwise the users will simply look for similar content elsewhere. In todayâs web, the competition is tough, as clicks matter and many sites provide all sorts of content simply to lure in users. Hence, if a site implements a paywall, but cannot provide the expected quality, readers will move on.Whilst organizations can compete against free sites with quality content, the ability to provide this content isnât straigh tforward â" or free. Higher quality comes at higher costs. For example, higher quality journalism takes more time, it requires more investigative powers and so the costs of writing an in-depth piece mount up. A company implementing a paywall must be prepared to invest in higher quality as well.Attracting advertising can be more difficultAlthough paywalls can provide the organization with a steady revenue stream with subscriptions, advertising revenue can decline as a result. Depending on how successful the company is in balancing this loss of revenue with the new model of revenue, companies can find themselves struggling financially.Free sites have found how beneficial increased web traffic can be for attracting advertisers. While advertisers might find the defined target markets of organizations using paywalls potentially viable, a site with tons of traffic will provide advertisers with enhanced visibility online.Buzzfeed is a great example of a site providing free content. Buzzfe ed doesnât even need to run traditional ads on the site, as it has found a way to tie in the advertisement into its content. TechCrunchâs Josh Constine reported in 2014,âNative ads have helped monetize otherwise free content mediums and could be critical to the future of journalism, even if theyâre meant to fool peopleâ.Nevertheless, the loss of advertising revenue depends highly on the primary goal of the advertiser. If they are looking for a mass audience, a paywall obviously becomes a problem, as visibility is restricted. On the other hand, advertisers with a niche target could benefit from the paywall.The ability to build in backlinks will be limitedIn the era of social media, online users love to share content with each other. When you read a nice story or watch a funny video, most people instantly want to share it with friends and family. Moreover, authors writing articles online may want to link to your page as a source. The problem with paywalls is that it prevents this social aspect of consuming content.Sharing the story will become difficult, as only people who are also subscribing to the service will be able to read it. This can discourage users from clicking the share button and even drive them to search for the same piece of content elsewhere.This has another consequence, which can even affect the organizations effort to improve search engine optimisation (SEO). The ability to build backlinks to your content becomes limited and thus this crucial part of SEO strategy becomes unattainable.Tougher security measurements will be neededPaywalls are not a fool proof way to prevent people from accessing the content. In fact, its not too difficult to hack a paywall.If you invest in a paywall, only to have your readers work around it illegally, youâve ended up spending money for nothing. Readers who initially subscribed to the paid service might find themselves cheated, if they later realize the content would have been available for free if only for a few tricks.In addition, creating a paywall means you are gathering data about your customers, which brings another challenge â" and costs. Keeping sensitive data, such as user login information and credit card details safe will add another cost to implementing a paywall.Therefore, you must ensure the paywall is secure for two reasons. First, to ensure it canât simply be hacked and thus become irrelevant. Second, you need to secure the information your users provide to you in order to keep the sensitive data secure.SELECTING THE RIGHT STRATEGYSince the use of paywalls for content monetization has pros and cons, devising the right strategy is a crucial part of success. Deciding whether to use paywalls isnât just a simple âyesâ or ânoâ answer, as there are plenty of things your organization must consider before coming to a definite conclusion.If you are unsure whether to use this strategy, here are some important steps to consider when implementing a paywall.Step 1: Understand where your revenue comes fromFirst, you need to have a good understanding of your business model. Essentially the effectiveness of paywalls comes down to the type of business you are running. You need to consider the issue by looking at the different aspects of your business:Who is your audience? As the examples have shown, organizations with a niche audience, such as the Economist and the Wall Street Journal, have been much more successful in using paywalls for content monetization than broader newspapers such as the Times. If your organization has a special niche, whether it is food or gardening, the monetization might be simpler. This is because the content you create is already more directed to a specific audience. With a narrow niche, it can be easier to attract readers with unique content, which they wonât be able to find elsewhere.What are your revenue sources? Examine your organizations current revenue sources to see whether a paywall is viable. If you rely hea vily on advertising, you could potentially damage your revenue stream drastically by implementing your paywall. On the other hand, if your revenue already comes mainly from users, a subscription model might be a viable alternative. Especially, if it means you can offer something extra to your users for subscribing,Step 2: Identify what customers are willing to pay forFurthermore, you need to identify what you can monetize with a paywall. It isnât enough to have a business model well suited for paywalls; the content must stand out enough for customers to be willing to pay for it.This means that even if you have a niche audience, such as pet owners, you donât necessarily have the content customers are willing to pay for. Therefore, you must:Ask yourself what differentiates the content from other sites operating in the area? This could be something like your organization has more in-depth information from vets regarding pet health.Define the reasons users would want to pay for the unique content. As an example, you might offer subscribers the ability to ask questions directly to leading vets.Step 3: Consider the trade-off: advertisement revenue vs. subscriptionsFinally, you need to consider the trade-off of implementing a paywall. If you are likely to lose other revenue sources because of implementing a paywall (for example, advertisement revenues), will the revenue from subscriptions be enough to offset the loss? Furthermore, you might initially see a drop in revenue before you are able to attract a sustainable number of subscriptions. Can your business handle this initial drop? Moreover, do you have a strategy for removing the paywall if it doesnât work out?Step 4: Pick the right strategy with the above in mindThe answer to the question whether or not you should implement paywall mainly depends on your current revenue streams and costs. Are you depending on advertisements and if yes, would you be able to keep them up when implementing a paywall? Is your c ontent high quality and if not, would you be able to bring it to the required level? Do you have the money to pay for enhanced security?Once youâve examined your business needs, you should think about the right model. The most common paywall strategies are:âHardâ paywalls â" the content on your site is strictly limited to subscription only.Metered access paywalls (âSoftâ paywalls) â" the content on your site is free with a specific limit, after which a subscription is required.Freemium (âSoftâ paywalls) â" the content on your site is divided into free and paid content.As with most things in business, the right strategy depends on your specific business and its audience. You need to evaluate the pros and cons of using a paywall through the lens of your business profile and content to find out whether a paywall could boost your revenue stream. Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-68347179457066049832020-05-21T17:01:00.001-07:002020-05-21T17:01:05.007-07:00Analysis Of The Movie Basterds - 1892 Words Inglorious Basterds is the sixth of eight films in Quentin Tarantinoââ¬â¢s filmography and is in many aspects, the perfect culmination of what makes a Tarantino film a Tarantino film. From the deep cultural references in the dialogue to the unforgivingly in your face, some have even said offensive, violence throughout, thereââ¬â¢s no mistaking whoââ¬â¢s eyes youââ¬â¢re observing the world through. Although it misses on key points such as pacing and leaves several questions left to assumption, Inglorious Basterdsââ¬â¢ character-driven plot and use of dialect is more than enough to make up for its shortcomings. As someone who has seen all eight Tarantino films, and most multiple times, it is safe to say that Inglorious Basterds is a solid and memorable addition to the Tarantino filmography. Inglorious Basterds takes place in Nazi occupied France in 1941. For the majority of the movie, we follow two main characters: American Lt. Aldo Raine and Austrian born Col. Hans Land a. Brad Pitt plays Lt. Raine, a man whose mission is simple: terrorize Germans and take revenge on the Naziââ¬â¢s for their treatment of Jews around the world. Along with his army of eight Jewish-American soldiers known as the ââ¬Å"Basterds,â⬠Raine leads an Apache resistance throughout France. If Raine is our lead protagonist, Hans ââ¬Å"The Jew Hunterâ⬠Landa is our lead antagonist. Landa, played by Christoph Waltz, is one of Hitlerââ¬â¢s greatest tools to find Jews. As the story plays out, each manââ¬â¢s reputation grows until finally, their pathsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Basterds 1920 Words à |à 8 PagesInglorious Basterds is Quentin Tarantinoââ¬â¢s sixth film in his discography and is in many aspects, the perfect culmination of what makes a Tarantino film a Tarantino film. From the deep cultural references in the dialogue to the unforgivingly in your face, some may even say offensive, violence throughout, thereââ¬â¢s no mistaking whoà ¢â¬â¢s eyes youââ¬â¢re seeing the world through. Although it misses on some key points such as pacing and historical accuracy, Inglorious Basterdsââ¬â¢ depth of characters, use of languageRead MoreAnalysis of the Movie Inglorious Basterds by Quentin Taratino1525 Words à |à 7 Pagesrather than the history buff. Inglorious Basterds, by Quentin Taratino, take very liberal liberty with a history story, and creates a story that will sell to the crowd. This may seem dubious, but it is often not such a bad thing. Hollywood can take a story that may have one connotation, may it be serious or dreary, and turn it into something that evokes different emotions, will still addressing historical issues or topics. Taratino chooses to film a movie of this type because of the way he can portrayRead MoreHorror Of Jewish Revenge On The Nazis Essay2369 Words à |à 10 PagesIn Quentin Tarantinoââ¬â¢s film Inglourious Basterds (US, 2009), the fantasy of Jewish revenge on the Nazis is demo nstrated through reciprocal brutality. Due to the mass murder of about six million Jewish Europeans during the Holocaust, Jews in cinema and television are often depicted as unfortunate and defenseless victims, while Nazis are portrayed as evil and heartless subjugators. However, in this fictional story, a reverse scenario is illustrated. Through the cinematic techniques of close ups andRead MoreThe Battle Of Algiers ( A Reenactment Of Algeria s Fight For Independence1328 Words à |à 6 PagesAn imperative aspect of art is that it is open to interpretation and analysis. If the piece of art is significant, it will be thought or emotion provoking and uncensored. It is not the role of art take cautious steps in an attempt to leave its audience unoffended, but rather to embrace diversity of thought and creativity to portray untainted ideas. Filmmakingââ¬âbeing a form of artââ¬âfollows the same guidelines and thus shapes society through its objectionable and often jarring subjec t matter. The BattleRead MoreFilm Scene Analysis: The Crazy 88s from Kill Bill Vol 11376 Words à |à 5 PagesFilm Scene Analysis: The Crazy 88s from Kill Bill, Vol. 1 Quentin Tarantinos Kill Bill, Vol. 1 (2003) is a unique blend of martial arts and revenge. Through his unique postmodern style, Tarantino is able to tell the story of a woman, The Bride, who sets out on a mission for revenge against the Deadly Viper Squad and Bill, their leader, after they ambush her at her wedding, subsequently attacking and killing her wedding party and leaving her for dead. In Kill Bill, Vol. 1 (2003), Tarantino usesRead MoreQui Tam Actions Seminar Paper5679 Words à |à 23 PagesUS, would take a deal with someone, and letââ¬â¢s call him Whistle, where Whistle could provide US with information that would entitle US to a return of $100 that was fraudulently taken from US for a $22 cut. To quote Lt. Aldo Raine (from the movie Inglourious Basterds), ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢d make that dealâ⬠. Though Iââ¬â¢m no mathematician, Iââ¬â¢m sure thereââ¬â¢s a way to quantify the value of a whistleblowerââ¬â¢s information to a successful action. In the case of Ms. Eckard, I would likely argue that 22% may be a little on the Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-76545104337391513932020-05-06T23:34:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:34:08.539-07:00Comparing Rocking-Horse Winner, Prussian Officer, and... Differences in Rocking-Horse Winner, Prussian Officer, and Second Best Works by the same author often show the repeated use of certain words, images, or plots. In five short stories by the author, D.H. Lawrence, differences between social classes are the basis for conflict and provide the foundation for taboo relationships. These five stories are The Rocking-Horse Winner, The Prussian Officer, Second Best, The White Stocking, and The Daughters of the Vicar. The inclusion of the motif of class differences in these particular works often leads to acts of violence or tragedy as the outcome. In The Rocking-Horse Winner, a relationship forms between the pseudo- aristocratic Paul and his familys gardener, Bassett. Paulsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Consequently, more violence also arises. The officer is, a Prussian aristocrat, haughty and overbearing. Having made too many gambling debts . . . he remained an infantry captain(2). The officer is furious at the youth and vigor of his servant, he often catches himself admiring the young, brown, shapely peasants hand(3) or the strong, easy young figure, the fine eyebrows, the thick black hair (5). The class difference is accentuated by the officers cruelty towards his young charge: he is forced to stay indoors doing mindless tasks instead of spending a few meager minutes with his girlfriend, he is violently kicked behind the legs for failing to answer a question quickly enough, he is slapped in the face with the end of a belt, and he is struck with a heavy military glove in the same way. The officer is clearly jealous of the fr eedom of the peasantry, and indicates this with his thoughts of hatred and violent actions as well as words. The servant is tortured simply for who he is, not for what he has done: he is lower than the officer and, therefore, faced with less constraint and social pressures. The Captain could not regain his neutrality of feeling towards his orderly. Nor could he leave the man alone (4). The torture continues until the two are finally placed on the same level during a climactic scene of violence and death. The orderlys murder of the officer is a man to man struggle,Show MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words à |à 1617 PagesConflict 375 SKILL LEARNING 376 Interpersonal Conflict Management 376 Mixed Feelings About Conflict 376 Diagnosing the Type of Interpersonal Conflict 378 Conflict Focus 378 Conflict Source 380 Selecting the Appropriate Conflict Management Approach 383 Comparing Conflict Management and Negotiation Strategies 386 Selection Factors 386 Resolving Interp ersonal Confrontations Using the Collaborative Approach A General Framework for Collaborative Problem Solving 391 The Four Phases of Collaborative Problem Solving Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-19627871006606678152020-05-06T08:13:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:13:03.578-07:00Analyzing the Tragedy of Dr. Faustus Free Essays Alfonso Villarreal Mrs. Bohn World Literature Honors April 9, 2012 Analyzing the Tragedy of Dr. Faustus The struggle between good and evil is arguably the most significant theme in the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyzing the Tragedy of Dr. Faustus or any similar topic only for you Order Now This struggle is most evident within the main character Faustus. He is torn and undecided about whether or not he should repent for sinning and return to God or follow through with the contract he signed with Lucifer. His internal struggle lasts almost the entire play, as part of him wants to be good serving God while the other part seeks the power Mephastophilis promises. Metaphastophilis himself has mixed motives and symbolizes this theme. On one hand he pursues Faustusââ¬â¢ soul, intending to carry it to hell while on the other he persuades Faustus to reject the contract because of the horrors he would encounter in hell. This theme, mostly existing within Faustus, provides interest and intrigue as to wonder if whether or not the highly intellectual doctor will finally come to his senses and repent. The play would be significantly less enjoyable if it followed a less interesting man, a man who morally feels no regret in giving up any chance of a positive afterlife for temporary powers. This indecision within Faustus also provides the central drama of the play. The struggle between good and evil is best symbolized by the Good and Evil Angels. Each angel struggled to pull Faustus towards its side as Faustus himself struggled between his human reason or logic and his lustful desire for power. Good and evil battle once more when Faustus encounters the Old Man in the final scene. The Old Man is another symbol which replaces the Good and Evil Angels from earlier scenes. He persuades Faustus to repent and renounce his powers while itââ¬â¢s not too late. Marlowe uses mythological allusions in a rather clever way in this particular work. They provide the audience with a more interesting play and extends the limits of the playââ¬â¢s subject if even slightly. One of the most significant allusions was one performed in Faustusââ¬â¢ visit to Charles Vââ¬â¢s court. Charles V pleads Faustus to perform sorcery for him, an allusion of Alexander the Great and his lover. Faustus performs a simple trick and Alexander suddenly appears before the emperorââ¬â¢s eyes. The purpose of this allusion is to show another great feat performed by Faustus and one that certainly brings interest to one of the most powerful men in the world. Marlowe was in some aspects a Renaissance writer and his work was a product of the age. He uses these allusions in the play to illuminate the transition between old beliefs and new ideas and knowledge. This transition served as one of the essential elements in the movement and Marlowe applies it with ease in his great work. ââ¬Å"What art thou, Faustus, but a man condemned to die? â⬠(IV, v, 25) The quote above addresses many essential aspects of the play. One of these aspects is the struggle between good and evil, a theme represented most by Faustus and his indecision. This quote indicates this theme of the play more than any other. Yes, Faustus is speaking his most troubled thoughts. What is he if not a fool who sold his soul for a temporary power only to perish in an eternal fire? Again it is evident that he struggles with his two most important principles, his lust for power and his reason. He ponders whether or not he made the right choice. The fact that he even struggles with this is ironic at the very least. One of the most intelligent men of his time is too blind to see the horror in Hell. This quote is also significant in that it represents his tragic fall as his corrupt morality prevents him from repenting in time and ultimately dooms him to an eternity in Hell. How to cite Analyzing the Tragedy of Dr. Faustus, Papers Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-11389201125733053552020-04-25T15:18:00.001-07:002020-04-25T15:18:03.166-07:00The New Age After the 1500s Essay Example For Students The New Age After the 1500s Essay After 1500 there were many signs that a new age of world history was beginning, for example the discovery of America and the first European enterprises in Asia. This new age was dominated by the astonishing success of one civilization among many, that of Europe. There was more and more continuous interconnection between events in all countries, but it is to be explained by European efforts. Europeans eventually became masters of the globe and they used their mastery to make the world one. That resulted in a unity of world history that can be detected until today. Politics, empire-building, and military expansion were only a tiny part of what was going on. Besides the economic integration of the globe there was a much more important process going on: The spreading of assumptions and ideas. The result was to be One World. The age of independent The history of the centuries since 1500 can be described as a series of wars and violent struggles. We will write a custom essay on The New Age After the 1500s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Obviously men in different countries did not like another much more than their predecessors did. However, they were much more alike than their ancestors were, which was an outcome of what we now call modernization. One could also say that the world was Europeanized, for modernization was a matter of ideas and techniques which have an European origin. It was with the modernization of Europe that the unification of world history began. A great change in Europe was the starting-point of modern history.There was a continuing economic predominance of agriculture. Agricultural progress increasingly took two main forms: Orientation towards the market, and technical innovation. They were interconnected. A large population in the neighborhood meant a market and therefore an incentive. Even in the fifteenth century the inhabitants of so called low countries were already leaders in the techniques of intensive cultivation. Better drainage opened the way to better pasture and to a larger animal population. Agricultural improvement favored the reorganization of land in bigger farms, the reduction of the number of small holders, the employment of wage labor, and high capital investment in buildings, drainage and In the late sixteenth century one response to the pressure of expanding population upon slowly growing resources had been the promoting of emigration. By 1800, Europeans had made a large contribution to the peopling of new lands overseas. It was already discernible in the sixteenth century when there began the long expansion of world commerce which was to last until 1930. It started by carrying further the shift of economic gravity from southern to north-western Europe, from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, which has already been remarked. One contribution to this was made by political troubles and wars such as ruined Italy in the early sixteenth century. The great commercial success story of the sixteenth century was Antwerps, though it collapsed after a few decades in political and economic disaster. In the seventeenth century Amsterdam and London surpassed it. In each case an important trade based on a well-populated hinterland provided profits for diversification into manufacturing industry, services, and banking. The Bank of Amsterdam and The Bank of England were already international economic forces in the in the seventeenth century. About them clustered other banks and merchant houses undertaking operations of credit and finance. Interest rates came down and the bill of exchange, a medieval invention, underwent an enormous extension of use and became the primary financial instrument of international trade. This was the beginning of the increasing use of paper, instead of bullion. In the eighteenth century came the first European paper currencies and the invention of the check. .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 , .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .postImageUrl , .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 , .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:hover , .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:visited , .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:active { border:0!important; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:active , .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8 .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub974d31637a6fd9d74cdc15f38eb40f8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Use of Suspense in Julius Caesar Essay Joint stock companies generated another form of negotiable security, their own shares. Quotation of these in London coffee-houses in the seventeenth century was overtaken by the foundation of the London Stock Exchange. By 1800 similar institutions existed in many other countries. It was also the time of some spectacular disastrous investment projects, one of which was the great English South Sea Bubble. But all the time the world was growing more commercial, more used to the idea of employing money to make money, and was supplying itself with the apparatus of modern One effect quickly Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-56714642068789216452020-03-18T08:31:00.001-07:002020-03-18T08:31:03.948-07:002nd Fact Sheet Essays - Creative Works, Television Series2nd Fact Sheet Essays - Creative Works, Television Series 2nd Fact Sheet By Dany SADER General Idea: HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_Street Sesame Street is an American HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_television_program children's television program that is known for its use of format and structure to convey educational concepts to its preschool audience, and to help them prepare for school. It utilizes the conventions of television such as music, humor, sustained action, and a strong visual style, and combines HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Henson Jim Henson's HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muppets Muppets , animation, short films, humor, and cultural references. The show, which premiered in 1969, was the first to base its contents, format, and production values on laboratory and formative research. According to researchers, it was also the first to include a curriculum detailed or stated in terms of measurab le outcomes " . The format of Sesame Street consisted of a combination of commercial television production elements and educational techniques. It was the first time a more realistic setting, an inner city street and neighborhood, was used for a children's program. At first, each episode was structured like a HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazine magazine , but in 1998, as a result of changes in their audience and its viewing habits, the producers researched the reasons for its lower ratings, and changed the show's structure to a more narrative format. The popular, fifteen-minute long segment, HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmo%27s_World Elmo's World , hosted by the Muppet HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmo Elmo , was added in 1998 to make the show more accessible to a younger audience. The producers of Sesame Street expanded the new format to the entire show in 2002. Who was behind it? Sesame Street was conceived in 1966 during discussions between television producer Joan Ganz Cooney and HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation_of_New_York Carnegie Foundation vice president Lloyd Morrisett. Their goal was to create a children's television show that would master the addictive qualities of television and do something good with them " , such as helping young children prepare for school. After two years of research, the newly formed Children's Television Workshop (CTW) received a combined grant of US$8 million ($55 million in 2018 dollars) from the Carnegie Foundation, the HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Foundation Ford Foundation , the HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States U.S. Federal Government to create and produce a new children's television show. The program premiered on HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_broadcasting public television stations on November 10, 1969. It was the first preschool educational television program to base its contents and production values on laboratory and formative research. Initial responses to the show included adulatory reviews, some controversy, and high ratings. By its 50th anniversary in 2019, there were over 150 versions of Sesame Street , produced in 70 languages. As of 2006, 20 HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_Street_international_co-productions international versions had been produced. Content: From its first episode, Sesame Street has structured its format by using a strong visual style, fast-moving action, humor, and music, as well as animation and live-action short films. When Sesame Street premiered, most researchers believed that young child ren did not have long HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_span attention spans , therefore the new show's producers were concerned that an hour-long show would not hold their audience's attention. At first, the show's street scenes the action taking place on its set consisted of character-driven interactions and were not written as ongoing stories. Instead, they consisted of individual, curriculum-based segments which were interrupted by inserts consisting of puppet sketches, short films, and animations. This structure allowed the producers to use a mixture of styles and characters, and to vary the show's pace. By season 20, research had shown that children were able to follow a story, and the street scenes, while still interspersed with other segments, became evolving storylines. Advertising strengths of this program: Early in their history Sesame Street and the CTW began to look for alternative funding sources and turned to creating products and writing licensing agreements. They became, as Cooney put it, a multiple-media institution. In 1970, the CTW created a non-broadcast division responsible for creating and publishing books and HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_Street_Magazine Sesame Street Magazine . They decided that all materials their licensing program created would underscore and amplify the show's curriculum. In 2004, over 68% of Sesame Street 's revenue came from licenses and products such as toys and clothing. By 2008, Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-5957656192749039512020-03-02T00:17:00.001-08:002020-03-02T00:17:02.581-08:00When and How People Learned to Make ClothWhen and How People Learned to Make Cloth Textiles, to archaeologists anyway, can mean woven cloth, bags, nets, basketry, string-making, cord impressions in pots, sandals, or other objects created out of organic fibers. This technology is at least 30,000 years old, although preservation of the textiles themselves is rare in prehistory, so it may be quite a bit older still. Because textiles are perishable, often the oldest evidence of the use of textiles is implied from impressions left in burned clay or the presence of weaving-related tools such as awls, loom weights, or spindle whorls. Preservation of intact fragments of cloth or other textiles has known to occur when archaeological sites are in extreme conditions of cold, wet or dry; when fibers come into contact with metals such as copper; or when textiles are preserved by accidental charring. Discovery of Early Textiles The oldest example of textiles yet identified by archaeologists is at the Dzudzuana Cave in the former Soviet state of Georgia. There, a handful of flax fibers was discovered that had been twisted, cut and even dyed a range of colors. The fibers were radiocarbon-dated to between 30,000-36,000 years ago. Much of the early use of cloth began with making string. The earliest string-making to date was identified at the Ohalo II site in modern Israel, where three fragments of twisted and plied plant fibers were discovered and dated to 19,000 years ago. The Jomon culture in Japan - believed to be among the earliest pottery makers in the world - shows evidence of cord-making in the form of impressions in ceramic vessels from Fukui Cave that are dated to roughly 13,000 years ago. Archaeologists chose the word Jomon to refer to this ancient hunter-gather culture because it means cord-impressed. The occupation layers discovered at Guitarrero Cave in the Andes mountains of Peru contained agave fibers and textile fragments that were dated to about 12,000 years ago. Thats the oldest evidence of textile use in the Americas to date. The earliest example of cordage in North America is at Windover Bog in Florida, where the special circumstances of the bog chemistry preserved textiles (among other things) dated to 8,000 years ago. Silk making, which is made from thread derived from insect cases rather than plant material, was invented during the Longshan period in China, ca 3500-2000 BCE. Finally, one extremely important (and unique in the world) use of string in South America was as quipu, a system of communication composed of knotted and dyed cotton and llama wool string used by many South American civilizations at least 5,000 years ago. Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-21225226704385315082020-02-14T15:41:00.001-08:002020-02-14T15:41:03.535-08:00Biological effects of the use of dirty bombs EssayBiological effects of the use of dirty bombs - Essay Example The purpose of this report is to comprehensively examine these effects by assessing relevant scientific studies, researches and literature. Introduction As stated in the preceding section of the report, the focus of this assessment is directed towards conducting an analysis of the biological effects of the use of dirty bombs that are a type of a radiological dispersal device (RDD) which also incorporates the detonation of conventional explosives. The discussion topics that have been identified as primary and key considerations of this report include 1) an introduction to dirty bombs as a type of RDD 2) examination of the use of dirty bombs by military armies 3) identification of the determinants that govern the extent or degree of biological impact of dirty bomb detonation 4) assessment of an organismââ¬â¢s biological response to the detonation of dirty bombs and 5) the biological effects of the use of dirty bombs. ... he quantity and kinds of physical damage linked with the detonation of a dirty bomb would be comparable to that of an attack which is conducted by devices or bombs that are not radioactive in nature (Horoho 224). While, this statement postulates that the impact or effects of a dirty bomb are similar to that of a conventional bomb, the fundamental distinction in this case is that the detonation of a dirty bomb, as a radiological dispersal device (RDD) would result in the likelihood of victims and rescuers coming into contact with radioactive materials by the means of inhalation or through the embedment of radioactive materials in the injured party (Horoho 224). Thus, Lifshitz understands that the adverse effects of dirty bombs can be categorized on the basis of the direct impact of the explosion and the consequences that the victims may experience as a result of being exposed to radiation (710). The military application of dirty bombs involves their utilization as bunker busters in or der to break through fortified targets or targets that are present in underground compounds. Even though, the detonation of dirty bombs has proven to be effective in this regard the key issue of concern is linked with the harmful dispersal of radiation that is caused by the explosion which has the ability to adversely impact indigenous peoples. According to Lifshitz, the extent of the impact of a dirty bomb explosion on the victims can be viewed on a scale which constitutes of high-level radiation and low-level radiation (710). The impact of high-level radiation comprises of the onset of severe illness and radiation sickness, which emerge in a brief period ranging from days to weeks and can be identified as the cause of victimââ¬â¢s death, in most cases (Lifshitz 710). On the contrary, low Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-26089671555531597862020-02-01T22:10:00.001-08:002020-02-01T22:10:03.281-08:00Good Will Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsGood Will - Assignment Example The total of fair values includes liabilities assumed and the recognized intangible assets. When the amount of goodwill is negative, that is when the purchase consideration is less than the total fair value of acquired assets, the excess is said to be profit (Deloitte 2014). 1. The firm calculates the fair value of a reporting unit. It compares the fair value with the carrying amount of the unit. When the carrying amount is more than the fair value, the firm proceeds to the second step (Brice 2014). Accountants who perform personal tax returns are the de facto first line in the implementation of the individual mandate. Insurance accountants will question clients if they possess health insurance. The accountants calculate fines for clients who lack the insurance as per the law. The new healthcare puts insurance accountants in political conversations that did not exist before. It requires them to remain privy regarding their clients compliance with the law (White 2014). Brice, Steven. "Procedural Differences in Impairment Testing." American Institute of CPA. N.p., 23 Mar. 2009. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. . Tilly, Baker. "FASB issues simplified standards for goodwill impairment testing." insights. N.p., 1 Jan. 2011. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. . White, Dennis. "CPAs Examine Impact of Health Care Decision." AccountingWEB. N.p., 25 July 2012. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-36908410633562843592020-01-24T18:34:00.001-08:002020-01-24T18:34:03.122-08:00Free Essays - Animal Farm :: Animal Farm Animal Farm By George Orwell The theme of Animal Farm is not difficult to follow with in the book. The allegory of history that was during the time of the books development, Orwell intended to criticize the communist regime he saw sweeping through Russia and spreading to Europe and even the United States.à Though he agreed with many Marxist principles, Orwell was unable to accept the communist interpretation of socialism because he saw many similarities between the communist governments and the previous czarist regimes in old Russia.à Communism, he thought, was inherently hypocritical. In his book, Orwell uses his allegorical farm to symbolize the communist system.à Though the original intention of overthrowing Mr. Jones (who represents the Czars), is not inherently evil in itself, Napoleonââ¬â¢s subsequent adoption of nearly all of Mr. Jonesââ¬â¢ principles and harsh mistreatment of the animals proves to the reader that indeed communism is not equality, but just another form of inequality.à The pigs and dogs take most of the power for themselves, thinking that they are the best administrators of government.à Eventually the power corrupts them, and they turn on their fellow animals, eliminating competitors through propaganda and bloodshed.à This is of course a reference to Stalin, who murdered many of his own people in order to maintain his dictatorship of Russia.à Because Animal Farm was written, it opened the eyes of the Western world to finally realize the danger of communism.à Soon a Cold War began between the worldââ¬â¢s greatest superpowersââ¬â the Soviet Union and the United States.à In the end, America would prove that capitalism and democracy could outlive a system of government-mandated equality. As Orwellââ¬â¢s presentation within in the book, many animals were used to symbolize different public figures in that time frame. Each animal had an outstanding role through out this book from the pigs to the pigeons each with their own mischief characters. Mr. Jones: Mr. Jones is Orwellââ¬â¢s chief villain in Animal Farm. Of course Napoleon is also the major villain, however much more indirectly. Orwell says that at one time Jones was actually a decent master to his animals. At this time the farm was thriving. But in recent years the farm had fallen on harder times (symbol of the world-wide Great Depression of the 30ââ¬â¢s) and the opportunity was seen to revolt. The worldwide depression began in the United States when the stock market crashed in October of 1929. Free Essays - Animal Farm :: Animal Farm Animal Farm By George Orwell The theme of Animal Farm is not difficult to follow with in the book. The allegory of history that was during the time of the books development, Orwell intended to criticize the communist regime he saw sweeping through Russia and spreading to Europe and even the United States.à Though he agreed with many Marxist principles, Orwell was unable to accept the communist interpretation of socialism because he saw many similarities between the communist governments and the previous czarist regimes in old Russia.à Communism, he thought, was inherently hypocritical. In his book, Orwell uses his allegorical farm to symbolize the communist system.à Though the original intention of overthrowing Mr. Jones (who represents the Czars), is not inherently evil in itself, Napoleonââ¬â¢s subsequent adoption of nearly all of Mr. Jonesââ¬â¢ principles and harsh mistreatment of the animals proves to the reader that indeed communism is not equality, but just another form of inequality.à The pigs and dogs take most of the power for themselves, thinking that they are the best administrators of government.à Eventually the power corrupts them, and they turn on their fellow animals, eliminating competitors through propaganda and bloodshed.à This is of course a reference to Stalin, who murdered many of his own people in order to maintain his dictatorship of Russia.à Because Animal Farm was written, it opened the eyes of the Western world to finally realize the danger of communism.à Soon a Cold War began between the worldââ¬â¢s greatest superpowersââ¬â the Soviet Union and the United States.à In the end, America would prove that capitalism and democracy could outlive a system of government-mandated equality. As Orwellââ¬â¢s presentation within in the book, many animals were used to symbolize different public figures in that time frame. Each animal had an outstanding role through out this book from the pigs to the pigeons each with their own mischief characters. Mr. Jones: Mr. Jones is Orwellââ¬â¢s chief villain in Animal Farm. Of course Napoleon is also the major villain, however much more indirectly. Orwell says that at one time Jones was actually a decent master to his animals. At this time the farm was thriving. But in recent years the farm had fallen on harder times (symbol of the world-wide Great Depression of the 30ââ¬â¢s) and the opportunity was seen to revolt. The worldwide depression began in the United States when the stock market crashed in October of 1929. Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-25126771832989590612020-01-16T14:58:00.001-08:002020-01-16T14:58:03.616-08:00Actus Reas and Men ReaActus Reus and Mens Rea Actus reus and mens rea are two of the five elements of a crime that the prosecution may have to prove to get a conviction in a criminal case. Actus reus is the criminal act. Mens rea is the intent to commit the crime. In general, the more serious a crime is, the more important it is for the prosecution to prove that both a criminal act was committed and that there was criminal intent. These more serious crimes are also known as conduct crimes. Not surprisingly, conduct crimes involve the proof of criminal conduct. Criminal conduct is often confused with criminal acts.The distinction is that criminal conduct involves both actus reus and mens rea, whereas a criminal act only involves actus reus. In the most severe of crimes, such as criminal homicide, three more elements of crime must be proven: concurrence, attendant circumstances and a bad result. Actus reus and mens rea are important because both elements are necessary to get a conviction beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case (Samaha, 2008, chap. 3). In order to qualify as actus reus, the act must be deemed a bodily movement that was voluntary.The reason for this is that the law is intended to punish people who meant to commit the act or can be blamed for the act. Only then are they responsible for the criminal acts they commit. Criminal law does not intend to punish people who are not responsible for the acts they committed. The problem is that most criminal codes provide vague descriptions of what a voluntary act is. Many times, the definition needs to be inferred by looking at the list of exceptions (involuntary acts) to voluntary acts. An appeal in case of Brown v.State centered around whether the jury should be given specific instructions by the judge on how to ascertain whether an act was voluntary. The defendant in that case, Alfred Brown, was bumped with a moholding was that the defendant was entitled to have the jury consider the voluntariness of his acts (Samaha, 2008, chap. 3). In order to have Mens Rea, one of two kinds of fault need to be established: subjective or objective fault. Subjective fault is more easily identifiable. Subject fault is having a bad mind, or doing something that you knew to be wrong.Objective fault does not involve a purposeful or conscious bad mind. Objective fault involves establishing that the act should have been known to be wrong by the average person. In the appeal of the case of State v. Stark, the defendant, Calvin Stark, challenged a second degree assault conviction on the grounds that he did not intend to inflict bodily harm by having unprotected sex after he was knowingly HIV positive. Mr. Starksââ¬â¢ appeal was on the grounds that subjective fault could not be established for the crime he was alleged to have committed.Mr. Starks lost the appeal in large part because objective fault was undeniably present in this case since the average person knows that HIV can be passed to another person by having unprote cted sex (Samaha, 2008, chap. 4). Good Samaritan Rule and American Bystander Rule The Good Samaritan Rule and the American Bystander Rule both address the requirements of what a person has to do if they are witnessing and incident where a situation requires assistance. There are really no other similarities between these rules.The Good Samaritan Rule is only used in a few jurisdictions. This rule makes a person legally responsible to either help or call for help when a person is in need. In contrast, the American Bystander Rule states that there is no legal duty to help someone in need, even if it the bystander is risking nothing by helping someone or calling for help. Even in cases where it is clearly morally wrong to stand by and watch someone suffer, the bystander is not violating any criminal law by doing nothing (Samaha, 2008, p. 91). In the case of Commonwealth v.Pestinakas, the defendants, Helen and Walter Pestinakas were convicted of third degree murder in Pennsylvania for n eglecting to care for an elderly man who was terminally ill. In the appeal to this case, the judgments of sentence (five to ten years in prison for each defendant) were upheld because the court ruled that there was a legally binding oral contract in place for the Pestinakases to provide care for the victim, Joseph Kly. The Good Samaritan Rule does not apply in Pennsylvania and the American Bystander Rule does apply.The dissenting opinion was interesting in that it was pointed out that the legislature may not have intended for a contractual duty to be a duty imposed by law. If indeed that were not the intent of the legislature, then the Pestinakases may very well have won their appeal based on the American Bystander Rule. Although neglecting an elderly man while serving as his caretaker is probably morally wrong in the eyes of most, the American Bystander Rule would have protected the Pestinakases from legal prosecution (Samaha, 2008, p. 92-93). In the case of State v.Kuntz, the defe ndant, Bonnie Kuntz stabbed her boyfriend, Warren Becker, and then did not call for help, so he bled to death. In addition to being convicted of negligent homicide, the defendant was also charged with a separate crime for failure to summon for medical aid. Ms. Kuntz appealed the latter conviction with the American Bystander Rule as her basis. There are some exceptions to the American Bystander Rule that do make a bystander criminally liable for a failure to act. In the opinion of the court, this case met one of those exceptions, since Ms.Kuntz had a duty to summon for help because she created the peril. In other words, if you mortally wound someone, you are criminally liable if you donââ¬â¢t summon for aid, notwithstanding the American Bystander Rule (http://www. soc. umn. edu). The Good Samaritan Rule is also not always so ââ¬Å"cut and dryâ⬠. Although the rule requires that you help someone in need or summon for help, but a recent ruling, Van Horn v. Watson, held that a s tate statute only protects people who attempt to provide medical care to someone who needs it.In Van Horn v. Watson, court held that the co-defendant, Lisa Torti was held liable for rendering the defendant, Alexandra Van Horn, paraplegic after pulling Van Horn from a vehicle that Torti thought was going to explode (Miller, 2009). Although this was not a criminal case, this shows that the Good Samaritan Rule does not provide protection against every scenario of helping a victim in need, just as the American Bystander Rule does not the bystander from needing to help or summon for help for a person in need.Although the rules seem to be opposites, each has exceptions that make them more similar. Constructive and Actual Possession Constructive possession is when someone has control of a banned substance, but it is not on his/her person. In other words, it may be in or on something he/she owns, such as a vehicle, a place they live, such as their house, or another area he/she controls, suc h as his/her office. Actual possession is when someone has physical control of the banned substance. In other words in might be in their shoe.Constructive and active possession both need to meet the two aspects of possession. In order to constitute possession as a criminal act, there needs to be both control of the items and awareness of the control. The main difference between constructive and active possession is that with active possession, the substance is found on the person, whereas with constructive possession, the substance is found in an area in which the person is responsible (Samaha, 2008, p. 97). The case of Miller v.State provides a good discussion in the courtââ¬â¢s opinion on constructive possession. In that case, a passenger in a car was convicted of possession of marijuana and cocaine. The defendant, James Luther Miller, appealed the case on the grounds that he did not knowingly possess the drugs. Other passengers in the car were smoking marijuana and they had cr ack cocaine stashed in the car. In the appeal, the court affirmed the marijuana possession conviction and reversed and dismissed the cocaine possession conviction.According to the court opinion, in order to constitute constructive possession in a case involving multiple occupants in an automobile, there are several things that need to be considered. These factors include whether the drugs were in plain view of the accused, whether they were found on the accused, whether they were in close proximity to the accused, whether the accused is the owner of the car and whether the accused acted suspiciously.In this case, many of these factors were probably true in the case of the marijuana, but none of them were definitively true in the case of the cocaine. In the case of the cocaine, the court found that Mr. Miller did not have knowing possession of the cocaine and instead had mere possession. Only Montana and Washington do not require knowing possession to charge someone with criminal pos session. Since this case was in Arkansas, the appeal was successful for Mr.Miller on the cocaine possession charge (Samaha, 2008, pp. 97-98). References Did she have a legal duty to report or intervene? Retrieved from http://www. soc. umn. edu/~samaha/cases/state_v_kuntz_omission. htm. Miller, C. (2009, January 14). Calif. lawmakers rush to rescue good samaritans in wake of court ruling. The Recorder. Retrieved from http://www. law. com/jsp/article. jsp? id=1202427434865&slreturn=1&hbxlogin=1. Samaha, J. (2008). Criminal Law. (9th ed. , chap. 3-4). Belmont, CA: Thomson Learning, Inc. Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-44230025781043287832020-01-08T11:21:00.001-08:002020-01-08T11:21:03.195-08:00Film Analysis Akira Kurosawa s Samurai Films - 1672 Words During the 20th century, America dominated the freshly emerged film industry. Each country had their own distinctive filming style, which in turn helped them each eventually make a name for themselves in this rising industry. Noh Theater, soft self-analysis, and minimalism heavily influenced Japanââ¬â¢s filming techniques. Meanwhile, America was the complete opposite with their flashy action scenes, dramatic effects, and plot-driven films. Kurosawa integrated western styles of filmmaking along with Japanese style to create his own individual technique. Before Kurosawa, multiple film directors stuck with the same skill, they did not think outside the box. But Kurosawa went outside the box and his outcome proved greater than if he had stayed inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦A scene where chaos is shown is when ââ¬Å"Kurosawa resorts to a unique cinematography: low-key photographyâ⬠¦for exampleâ⬠¦the presentation of a small, half-ruined temple where Sanjuro temporarily hides himself from his enemies, recuperating from his wound. Again, the light comes only through the crevices in the wooden wall. These crevices and part of Sanjuroââ¬â¢s face are white, while the rest of his sitting body and the wall against him are black...â⬠the scene is then ââ¬Å"â⬠¦enhanced by the acoustic effect of the wind blowing outside and leaves scurrying insideâ⬠(McDonald 193). Moreover, by using low-key photography in this specific scene, the audience can see the difference between the foreground and the background creating such a contrasting but soft effect. This effect shows Sanjuroââ¬â¢s outlook in the world and how he feels about it. Furthermore, with the addition of the eerie sound of leaves, it all provides a somber mood exemplifying Sanjuroââ¬â¢s gloom and his sense of not fitting in. The use of battle imagery of such a ghastly scene invokes Kurosawaââ¬â¢s skillful use of pathos to captivate the audience further. In addition, too battle im agery Kurosawa uses many more different techniques as shown later on to provide the audience satisfaction from watching his films. Akira Kurosawaââ¬â¢s film, Ran, an adaptation of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s tragedy King Lear, displays the use of spatial arrangement and different angles to hint atShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Akira Kurosawa s Seven Samurai And Yojieo Takita s 2009 Film, Departures1339 Words à |à 6 Pagesoccurrence in Akira Kurosawa s 1954 film, Seven Samurai, and Yojieo Takitaââ¬â¢s 2009 film, Departures. Each death in these films served a purpose. However, each of these films have death constructed in their own different ways. Departures showcased a respectful way for dealing with the deceased. Seven Samurai showed a little bit of every emotion for the deceased, but it seemed as though the 4 samurai, the main heroes, who died were not really emphasized compared to those who the samurai had killed. First Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-9800258386690248292019-12-31T07:47:00.001-08:002019-12-31T07:47:02.739-08:00The Effects Of Stricter Law On Agriculture - 1494 Words Although there are many groups interested in an issue such as this, the large majority fall under 5 categories. The first and most obvious category is the farmers, as they are the ones that will be directly affected by any sort of legislation regarding agricultural runoff. This groupââ¬â¢s interests would mostly lie in keeping their annual yield stable, as it is how they earn their living. Due to this, the farmersââ¬â¢ position could possibly be against the stricter law, because it has the potential to cause them to put more effort into ensuring that their fields are properly drained so as to not move fertilizers and animal waste do not flow into the water system. While this is a possibility however, as long as the law does not limit the annual yield for the farmers, and that they do not need to bear the full cost of ensuring that tainted water is not channeled into Lake Michigan, the agricultural workers may not be opposed to the law. Although there is potential for this regul ation to harm their business, the farmers would most likely have a positive attitude about the regulation, as it may prevent E. coli outbreaks, preserving their image, as farmers are often blamed for these outbreaks, and because they care about the safety of those in the cities, since they may derive much of their revenue from these people. In the end, the value orientation of the farmers would be a mixture of altruism and egoism , as they will want to protect their own business and income, but also want toShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Overfishing On The Marine Environment854 Words à |à 4 Pagesthere are both developed and developing countries whose economies rely heavily on fishing. Overfishing is a death sentence to the worldââ¬â¢s oceans. As technology continues to improve a great deal of fish can be caught quicker; but at what cost? The effects of overfishing can lead to the extinction of not just the animals being fished, but also the predators that rely on fish to eat. Ninety percent of the oceanââ¬â¢s largest animals have been wiped out due to overfishing (ââ¬Å"Overfishing- A Global Disasterâ⬠Read MoreThe Food Of The Potato Industry1438 Words à |à 6 Pagesharvests. Ultimately, the potato industry is thriving and will continue because if prepared in the desired manner potatoes are the most efficient or convenient source of beneficial healthy food. A downfall that could cripple the potato commerce is if stricter regulations are implemented and enforced to reduce undesired actions of the fast food(restaurant) industry, which as a result could cause financial ruins affecting nationââ¬â¢s economy and the global market as an entity. ââ¬â¹According to the AgriculturalRead MoreThe Effects Of Indoor Air Pollution On The Country Of Zambia924 Words à |à 4 PagesCarbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfate Dioxides, Lead. The health effects are risks associated with outdoor air pollution varies depending on age and previous health/medical issues. The most common health risks and or effects of outdoor air pollution are but not limited to: respiratory effects (cause breathing problems, trigger asthma, reduce lung function and cause lung diseases), cardiovascular effects, stroke and reproductive effects (pre-mature or abnormal birth in age bearing women) DevelopingRead MoreFood, Safety, And Justice For All869 Words à |à 4 Pagespolicies in place for a reason: the safety of consumers. Corporations should not overlook the necessity of properly training their employees by providing food safety policies to them. For this reason the United States Government should enforce stricter audit laws to make sure employers are properly preparing their employees to enter the workforce. Every man, woman, and child who visit a restaurant should feel at ease that the food they consume will be harmless. Americans are entitled to secure food productsRead MoreWhy Canadians Should Rethink Their Lifestyle1017 Words à |à 5 PagesWill McAvoy, the news anchor of HBOââ¬â¢s hit TV-drama The Newsroom once said, ââ¬Å"The first step in solving any problem is recognizing there is oneâ⬠. Canadians have heard of climate change cries for decades. However, this constant bombardment has lost its effect. As a result, Canadians have been taking baby steps towards resolving this environmental issue. The changes in the ecosystem of Canada and other countries around the world are discussed constantly. The fact is humans are using up the Earthââ¬â¢s resourcesRead MoreA Brief Note On The International Business Situation1473 Words à |à 6 PagesEconomic Zones along the coast of china for the purpose of attracting foreign investors. Chinaââ¬â¢s entry into the WTO in 2001 has been one of the best influential factors in shaping the Chinese economy. 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Firstly, we can view evidence of these claims by reviewing academic researchedRead MoreDevelopments in Transportation Bring About Economic and Social Change in the United States in the Period 1820-18601204 Words à |à 5 Pagesadvancement occurred, it would potentially increase foreign trade, increase land values as well as strengthen the American economy. In the mid 1800s it has been determined that transportation advancement has a drastic effect on our lives even today. Canals, Railroads and Roads have a major effect on United States. The Philadelphia Lancaster Turnpike was the first important turnpike in America. It connected Philadelphia with rich farm lands in Lancaster. This was a success because it influenced other statesRead MoreLowering The Spread Of Global Diseases Essay1467 Words à |à 6 Pageswould have to be done rather forcibly through government or international laws. This would likely cause political unrest, as people protest these measures, as well as economic instability, as the flow of goods is stymied by these laws. Some businesses would have to layoff workers, which would result in an increase in unemployment rates, and adversely effect the standard of living of these people. I suspect that such laws would also result in people resorting to black markets to find the goods theyRead MoreThe Southern Colonies Developed Race Based Slavery853 Words à |à 4 Pages The Southern Colonies developed race-based slavery because of the rising need to increase labor and to decrease costs. The move toward profit-based agriculture over subsistence farming meant that there was an expanding need for laborers, which would increasingly expand with success, necessitating a further increase of cheap labor. In addition to being labor intensive, the Southern crops: rice, tobacco, sugarcane, and indigo were grown for cash rather than for immediate need. Technically there Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-49731025055965598962019-12-23T03:34:00.001-08:002019-12-23T03:34:02.629-08:00The Rise of Hitler Essay - 558 Words The Rise of Hitler During the 1920s and early 1930s Germany was trying to recover from World War. It had to pay reparations and try to rebuild the economy from bankruptcy. It was because of the weaknesses of the economy and the Weimar Government, together with the growing popularity of the Nazis that Hitler was able to become Chancellor. After the First World War, Germany was forced to establish a democratic government based on proportional representation. The main problems with the German system were that no one party had absolute control. So any decisions took a long time to make. Moreover, no one party had 50% of the votes the parties had to form coalitions. This meant that partiesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In order to try to pay the reparations, Germany started to print money and ended up with hyperinflation. There was economic instability. The reparation payment in particular caused great difficulties for the government and the people. When Germany failed to make a payment in 1923, the French and Belgium army marched in and took control of the Ruhr, a key industrial area of Germany. With growing disillusionment with the government, the people showed more of an interest in extreme groups like the Nazis. The Nazis made valuable use of the time they had in parliament and became a strong party. When a putsch failed in September 1923, they learnt that they would have to try to gain power by lawful means. They used propaganda to gain support and also came up with a 25-point program that appealed to everyone. Whilst the Communists were disorganized, the Nazis became stronger and more popular. Hitler was a good leader who commanded respect. He was a great public speaker who could move his audience. He was in the army during the First World War and shared the German peoples hatred of the Treaty of Versailles. America gave Germany loans to ease the economic problems. But in 1929 the Wall Street Crash sentShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Hitler Essay1163 Words à |à 5 PagesFrom the rise of the Hitler in the early 1930s until Pearl Harbor in December of 1941, the Hollywood film industry bended to the increasingly strict film laws for their international European market. Since this audience gave them huge profits, Hollywood films needed to remain neutral in regards to the intense political issues in Europe during this time period. This meant any reference to Judaism and the plight of the Jews in Europe was absolutely taboo. In order to have their films shown in GermanyRead MoreThe Rise Of Adolf Hitler1457 Words à |à 6 Pagesfrom the people who have elected them. The rise of Dictator Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Nazi Germany would prove to be an event in history that was totally inexplicable in any terms. He was an adventurer who desired to conquer the German people and dominate th e entire world, reshaping it accordingly to his desires and pleasures. The evidence of his pestiferous acrimony is all around us, making it quite difficult to believe he did it all on his own. Hitler is one who emerges from obscurity to shakeRead MoreHitlers Rise to Power1733 Words à |à 7 PagesZahra Lahgazi The Causes of Hitlers Rise to Power The 30th of January, 1933 marks the day in which Germany and to a greater extent the world was rocked forever. Why? Because the leader of the Nazis, a nationalist and socialist party was signed in as the chancellor of Germany. His name, Adolf Hitler, has grown to be recognised as one of the most hated in history to this day. How did this malicious man grasp the power of Germany? It turns out that some of the causes sprouted from some of theRead MoreEssay on The Rise of Hitler1907 Words à |à 8 PagesAdolf Hitlerââ¬â¢s rise to power as Chancellor of Germany and leader of the German people is often portrayed as the result of a sweeping electoral victory. In reality Hitlerââ¬â¢s rise was incremental, requiring (a patchwork of political support from) an assimilation of support from various demographics as well as influential political figures. An area of perpetual historiographical debate is, specifically, which demographic was more essential to Hitlerââ¬â¢s rise - one school of thought maintains the significanceRead MoreHitlers Rise to Power1749 Words à |à 7 PagesZahra Lahgazi The Causes of Hitlers Rise to Power The 30th of January, 1933 marks the day in which Germany and to a greater extent the world was rocked forever. Why? Because the leader of the Nazis, a nationalist and socialist party was signed in as the chancellor of Germany. His name, Adolf Hitler, has grown to be recognised as one of the most hated in history to this day. How did this malicious man grasp the power of Germany? It turns out that some of the causes sprouted from some of the darkestRead MoreThe Rise Of Adolf Hitler1310 Words à |à 6 Pagesbehind, such as Adolf Hitler. Hitler was a determined man with a history in war, the mind of a brilliant strategist, a clear vision of his goal, and a passion that drove him every step of the way. Adolf Hitler was born to Alois and Klara Hitler on April 20, 1889, in an Austrian border town. The family moved to Linz, the capital of Upper Austria, when young Adolf was around the age of nine. This was the home of Hitler through most of his adolescent and teenage years. Hitler aspired to be an artistRead MoreAdolf Hitler Rise707 Words à |à 3 PagesHave you ever wondered why Adolf Hitler was one of the most powerful men you could possibly imagine? Well read this essay and youll find out how Adolf Hitler rose to power. In Hitlers younger years about age 5-7 He had lived through a very rough and traumatic childhood. It started when Hitler was 6, two of his younger brothers died from the disease, their names were Edmund Hitler, and Gustav Hitler. After the two passed away, his father turned into a very abusive man and treated Alois andRead MoreThe Rise Of Adolf Hitler1523 Words à |à 7 PagesAdolf Hitler In Austria, 1889, a boy was born. He was born from Alois Hitler and Klara Polzl, as the fourth of six children. When this child was 3, they moved to Germany. As a child, he was always clashing with his father. Following the death of his younger brother, Edmund, in 1900, he became detached. When his father Alois died in 1903, his mother allowed him to drop out of school. After he dropped out, he moved to Vienna and worked as a painter and laborer. He also applied to the Academy of FineRead MoreHitler s Rise Of Power1716 Words à |à 7 PagesWhat or even who was accountable for Hitlerââ¬â¢s rise to power? Many believe that there was only one contributing factor for his rise to power. Some state that Hitler could not have risen to power in any other than Germany, implying that he was nothing more than a product of German culture. From others perspective they believe that Hitler made himself dictator by means of his political genius. And yet still theirs others that profess it was th e weak democratic government of the Weimar Republic or Germanyââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Rise of Hitler and Nazism in Germany1435 Words à |à 6 Pagesexplain and discuss some of the major topics that could have led to the rise of Nazism in Germany, such as the treaty of Versailles and some of the restrictions that were put on Germany, the loss of the war, and the Weimar Republic. These are just some of the reasons that are going to be looked at and discussed. Germanys beating in World War One made political, economic and social fall in the Weimar Republic and led to the rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) or Nazi party Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-21778459869960798702019-12-15T00:03:00.001-08:002019-12-15T00:03:04.890-08:00Cybercrime Computer Crime Research Center Free Essays string(53) " variation of network data so as to obtain benefits\." The internet has increasingly become a convenient avenue for commitments of crimes in the ever sophisticated information age. This is due to the defining characteristics of the online world where one can interact without physical contact. A computer consultant in Utah was sentenced to five years in prison for stealing 2 million dollars from a credit company where he worked (Computer Crime Research Center). We will write a custom essay sample on Cybercrime Computer Crime Research Center or any similar topic only for you Order Now In another incident, Jeffrey Lee Parson who pleaded guilty to charges of unleashing part of a worm that caused chaos in the internet in 2003 got off with 18 to 37 months in jail (Computer Crime Research Center) In most cases of cybercrime, the punishment does not fit the crime. The damages by computer users in the hands of cybercrime offenders are very real and so the penalties should also be as real. This paper will attempt to discuss and draw more light on this issue. This paper will attempt to discuss and draw more light on the issue of cybercrimes and some of the proposed solutions that have been suggested to counter the cyberterrorism. Problem Definition According to the Computer Crime Research Center, the penalty for illegally accessing a computer ranges from 6 months to 5 years. The penalty for illegal system access ranges from 5 to 10 years of imprisonment. Communication interception, offensive material dissemination and telecommunication piracy crimes carry punishment of 1 to 5 years. Individuals who hack computer and computer devices get an imprisonment of up to 3 years or a fine (Computer Crime Research Center. An act of trying to gain access to a government protected system, results in a 10 year imprisonment and a heavy fine. Over the years this penalties have been made more severe, but the question still remains on whether they are still too lenient (Computer Crime Research Center). Cybercrime is the criminal exploitation of the internet. According to research carried out by the National Computer Security Association (NCSA) in 1996 two out of three U. S. companies were affected greatly by viruses. 3-5 billion dollar losses were incurred in the United States annually in the late 1980s as a result of computer abuse. With advancement in technology, newer and more complicated crimes have emerged which usually go unprosecuted. Cybercrime can be categorized into violent or potentially violent criminals, and nonviolent crimes (Shinder Cross, 15). Types of violent or potentially violent crimes include: Cyber stalking, cyber terrorism, and child pornography. Cyber terrorism refers to deliberate politically motivated violence committed against innocent people by individuals, group(s) of people through computer networks. It involves use of the internet to convey information to be used in violent activities as well as recruiting members to terrorist groups through Web sites. In extreme cases, it could include interrupting computer systems used in air traffic control to cause planes to crash or collide; sabotaging the computer system controlling water treatment so as to cause contamination of water supplies. It also includes hacking into hospital database and deleting or changing information that could result in incorrect or dangerous treatment of patients (Shinder Cross, 15). Cyber stalking is a form of electronic harassment which involves implied physical threats which create fear in the victim. It mostly targets people in a certain race, gender, religion or social status. Paparazzi use the internet to stalk celebrities and get unauthorized access to confidential information on them in order to blackmail them. People from a particular race are harassed by distribution of hate e-mails through the internet; this often occurs in chat rooms and news groups. Child pornography becomes a cyber crime when computers and networks are used to create, distribute and access pornographic materials that use minor children. Child pornography is considered a violent crime because sexual abuse is practiced in order to produce pornographic materials. Any related activity to enhance child pornography is considered to be a crime. Pedophiles use the internet to distribute and access pornographic material involving children through the internet (Shinder Cross, 15). Most cyber crimes are nonviolent offenses. The perceived anonymity of virtual experiences is one of the elements that make cyberspace an attractive ââ¬Å"venueâ⬠to commit crimes. Nonviolent cyber crimes include: cyber trespass, cyber theft, cyber fraud, destructive cyber crimes and other cyber crimes. Cyber trespass refers to accessing of a computerââ¬â¢s or networks resources without authorization just for the fun of it. The individual may not damage or misuse the data; nonetheless, cyber trespass is a crime in most jurisdictions. Most of these cases are dismissed by law enforcers because no damage is done (Shinder Cross, 18). Copyright infringement is another method of nonviolent cyber crime. This is unauthorized use of works covered by copyright law, in such a way that it violates the ownerââ¬â¢s exclusive rights. These rights include; the right to reproduce the work. For electronic media copyright infringement is also referred to as piracy. Piracy is mainly done for music and film works, where cyber criminals hack into entertainment websites and download original works. They then, create copies which they sell as their own (Shinder Cross, 19). Cyber theft is the use of a computer and network to steal money, information or other valuables. It is one of the most popular cyber crimes; this is because stealing from a distance reduces the risk of getting caught. Cyber theft includes embezzlement; an example is where an employee may use his/her legitimate access to a companyââ¬â¢s computerized payroll system to change the data so as to move funds out of a company bank into his own account. A person may also gain unlawful access to an organizationââ¬â¢s information and misappropriate funds. Another example of cyber theft is industrial espionage, where a person from outside the company uses the network to steal trade secrets and marketing strategies for competitors (Shinder Cross, 19). Plagiarism is another case cyber theft. Plagiarism is stealing of someoneââ¬â¢s original writing and then passing it off as your own. Cyber fraud on the other hand is the variation of network data so as to obtain benefits. You read "Cybercrime Computer Crime Research Center" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" An example is when one hacks into the police database so as to remove arrest records. Destructive cyber crimes include: electronically vandalizing web pages, hacking into a system and deleting data, introducing worms, viruses or other malicious codes into a computer system or network (Shinder Cross, 21). Viruses, worms and malicious codes cause damages worth millions of dollars (Shinder Cross, 23). Virus writers and hackers are highly active and continuously creating and modifying new viruses, making it difficult for antivirus software to detect them. Other nonviolent cyber crimes include: soliciting prostitution over the internet, gambling through the internet, internet drug sales and other contraband goods that are banned in some countries (Shinder Cross, 24). An important question arises on how these crimes can be prevented. Approaches to Counter Cybercriminals Use of antivirus and anti spyware software is one of the solutions which are currently in use. The antivirus software contains a program that attempt to identify and eliminate viruses, worms and other malicious codes. Backdoor programs and Trojans are restricted by the anti spy wares. Firewalls are also other effective ways of preventing unauthorized access to a computer network. Network firewalls may be software programs, hardware devices or a combination of both. The firewall protects internal computer networks from outside access by malicious intruders (Shinder Cross, 532). Cryptography is another very effective method of dealing with cyber crime. Cryptography is the science of encrypting and decrypting information. This is where, when one is sending information through the internet, software decrypts the information and encodes it. The information is sent in coded form which can only be decoded by the recipient who has the decoding software. This is a very effective method that crackers find hard to hack (Shinder Cross, 512). Awareness can also be raised on the issue of cyber crime. Youths are increasingly getting drawn into cyber crime because most of them are not aware of its legal consequences. This can be done through informative advertisements on the internet which will attempt to inform them on the dangers of cyber crime. People should also be encouraged to report cyber criminals to authorities through links on the web, so as to use the internet as a weapon against cyber crime perpetrators (Shinder Cross, 551). Cyber ethics and laws are being formulated to combat cyber crime. It is the responsibility of service providers to provide high level of security to their clients so as to keep them safe from malicious programs. Laws have been passed over the years which have attempted to curb the problem of cyber crime. One of the most effective laws which were passed in the USA is the USA Patriot Act which increases penalties and allows the prosecution of individuals who intend to cause damage. It was pushed through the U. S Senate after the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001. This law gives authority over monitoring personal communications and private information (Shinder Cross, 10). In August 2007 President Bush, signed into law Patriot II Act. This act gives authority to the government to: conduct domestic wiretaps without a court order for 15 days after an attack on the country or congressional authorization, access citizen credit reports with a subpoena and criminalize use of encryption software that was used in planning of a felony. This act was put in place to address the shortcomings of the law that donââ¬â¢t deal with modern technology (Shinder Cross, 10). In USA it is a federal crime to advertise or knowingly receive child pornography. The child Pornography Prevention Act (CPPA) expanded the definition of child pornography to any visual depiction of sexually explicit behavior in which the production involved the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct. This has made it illegal to distribute and access child pornography on the internet (Shinder Cross, 16). The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has also developed a cyber program to deal with cyber threats. Over the years, the FBI has developed a Cyber Division whose main goal is to address cyber crime. It has employed the use of highly specialiazed personnel made up of agents and analyst who are able to identify cyber crimes. They have also employed the use of state-of-the-art-technology and resources to deal with this menace. Partnerships have also been developed with the Department of Defense and Homeland Security which enable them to share information on cyber crime. The Cyber Crime Treaty: Preferred Approach It has become clear that a well-developed network of international cooperation is required to fight cyber crime, due to its ever changing nature. I think an international Cyber crime treaty is the best solution. Many countries have united their anti- cybercrime efforts through a proposed treaty known as the ââ¬Å"Convention on Cyber crimeâ⬠. Australia, Canada, Japan, USA and 43 member nations in the Council of Europe were involved in the drafting process. The Cyber crime Treaty is an internationally accepted law, which has made it easier to get help and evidence from other countries to prosecute foreign nationals within the country (Shinder Cross, 548). The treaty has three features, whose target is to set basic cyber law standards for all nations. First, it requires all nations to outlaw unauthorized usage of protected computer; the usage of a computer to commit fraud, computer infringement (piracy), distribution of child pornography or terrorism. Secondly, it is a requirement to standardize procedures used to capture and retrieve information online. There is also need to capture the origin and time of all traffic on all networks. Thirdly, national governments are required to cooperate and share electronic evidence across boarders. This is the most effective means by which cyber criminals can be deterred as they wonââ¬â¢t find refuge in any country (Shinder Cross, 548). Conclusion Even though cyber crime is getting the recognition it deserves, it is not going to be curbed easily. It is actually more likely that perpetrators will continue upgrading and developing so as to stay ahead of the long arms of the law. It therefore becomes very important for governments and organizations to keep consulting and coming up with more advanced and updated methods of detecting and dealing with cyber crime, in order to curb this ever growing menace. Works Cited: Computer Crime Research Center. Legislation. Web: August 17, 2010 from, http://www. crime- research. org/legislation/ Shinder Debra L. Cross Michael. Scene of the cybercrime. Burlington, MA: Syngress Publishing, Inc, 2008 How to cite Cybercrime Computer Crime Research Center, Essays Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-85860858334987825732019-12-06T20:26:00.001-08:002019-12-06T20:26:04.227-08:00The Ku Klux Klan free essay sample The Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan was started as an underground terrorist group against the civil rights movement that freed the slaves after the American Civil War. (sun. menloschool. org) The Ku Klux Klan or commonly referred as the KKK would define themselves as a political party, one that they also call the White Rights Movement. Whites, according to the KKK are giving up their lives in a sacrificial manner for those who are not white. (sun. menloschool. org) The KKK was made up of both men and women. Having the first and second Ku Klux Klan affect society and the Freemanââ¬â¢s Bureau that would protect the rights of former slaves would impact society for years to come. The first Ku Klux Klan was an organization that thrived in the South during the Reconstruction period following the Civil War. The first branch of the Ku Klux Klan was established in Pulaski, Tennessee, in May, 1866. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ku Klux Klan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (www. encyclopedia. com) One year later an organization of local members were established in Nashville in April, 1867. During the next two years Klansmen wearing masks, white cardboard hats and draped in white sheets, tortured and killed black Americans and sympathetic whites. Although the Klan was often able to achieve its aims by terror alone, whippings and lynchings were also used, not only against blacks but also against the so-called carpetbaggers and scalawags. (www. encyclopedia. com) The second Ku Klux Klan was a nationwide organization that flourished after World War I and was founded by William J. Simmons. The new Klan had a wider program than its forerunner, for it added to white supremacy. â⬠(www. encyclopedia. com) Subsequent groups calling themselves the Ku Klux Klan sprang up in much of the South after World War II and in response to civil-rights activity during the 1960s. (www. encyclopedia. com) The effects that this group has had on society, however is grossly non debatable. There are all aspects on how this group tries to impact the society. Crimes are the first thing that people will associate with the KKK. They justify that the people who do these crimes are people of hate, who joined for vengeful purposes, and who are not members. (sun. menloschool. org) Known crimes associated with the KKK are burning of black churches, beatings, hanging a noose above peopleââ¬â¢s doors, or burning crosses on non whites lawns. The Ku Klux Klan has had a large impact on society since World War I. They tortured people who did not have the same background or culture as them. The effects the KKK left on society caused the Congress to create laws to protect others. To this day, everyone is supposed to be treated equal and acts such as those of the KKK are not acceptable. Bibliography http://sun. menloschool. org/~sportman/ethnic/individual/kkk/ http://www. encyclopedia. com/topic/Ku_Klux_Klan. aspx http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/USAkkk. htm {draw:frame} In the picture above, you can see by the feet that both men and women were active in the KKK. Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-42287247204562750992019-11-29T08:28:00.001-08:002019-11-29T08:28:04.846-08:00Gender and Art Female Role in Visual Art The females have played an important role in the artistic field and yet for a long period this significant contribution has been assumed. Females have contributed equally to the males in the development and enrichment of the field of art. However, the poor position of the women in the society led to less recognition of these significant contributions of the females. There has been a long-held assumption that all the artistic works of the prehistoric period were developed by male artists (Shubitz, n.d).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Art: Female Role in Visual Art specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For a long time, it has been passed on to new generations that great arts were menââ¬â¢s products and females who managed to develop similar products were just replicating the artistic works that had been developed by the male artists before. In fact, several of good works by the female artists of this time were attributed to their male relatives or teachers as the females were considered incapable of developing the good works (Shubitz, n.d). The visibility of the females in the field of art was evident throughout the Middle Ages but declined in the succeeding period. In the beginning of the period of Renaissance (1450-1600 A.D) a lot of restrictions were placed on the women that saw the Western society witness a decline and invisibility of female artists (Palmer, 2011). However, despite these discouraging and blockading restrictions for female development in the field of art, a good proportion of the female artists managed to carve out professions in this male-dominated world. This increasing trend was observed throughout the second half of the 17th century up to the end of the 18th century. Therefore, the 18th century saw female artistic works became of great interest in the society. The female artists overcame the baseless restrictions to contribute significantly to the cultural pr oduction of the Western Society. The trend continued into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with the increased fight for improved position of the women in the society. The feminist movements of the 1970s have contributed greatly to improving the position of the women in the society so that they could receive recognition of their artistic works (Shubitz, n.d). The women have yet another battle of improving their image and position as just artists to being considered as individuals of integrity and relative identities. Furthermore, several female artists emerged between the mid 18th century and the early 19th century. Some of the female artists of these period include Adà ©laà ¯de Labille-Guiard (1749-1803) Louise Ãâ°lisabeth Vigà ©e Le Brun (1755- 1842) and Anne Vallayer-Coster (1744- 1818). Adà ©laà ¯de Labille-Guiard concentrated on the development of miniatures, pastels, and oil paintings whereas Le Brun was recognized for her Rococo and portrait paintings. Anne Vallay er-Coster on her part was a still life painter.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This paper focuses on the contributions of these three artists to the history of art in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The works of these artists, their accomplishments, and the political images portrayed by their artistic works are considered in the paper. There is a comparative analysis (citing the similarities and differences) of the works of these three significant artists in the history of art. Female Artists and Visual Art It has to be noted that the females have played a significant role in the history of art that has shaped the culture in the Western Society. It has been reiterated by Hyde and Milam (2003) that, ââ¬Å"History of female does not stand outside or even on the periphery of the Western tradition, but is integral to itâ⬠(p.3). Such a statement considers the profound position of women in the society and the roles that they played in molding the culture in the Western Society over a long period. However, this reality had to be recognized much later after the beginning of female artistsââ¬â¢ contribution to the field of art. In the earlier times, it was more likely that a piece of work would be reported with the artist being unknown than to disclose that the artist was a woman (Shubitz, n.d). This was particularly evident during the Renaissance period. During this period, the society had little recognition for the women artists who were considered to have less stature as artists than the men (Shubitz, n.d). It was already evident and known to the society that the females were capable of developing good works just as their male counterparts. Nonetheless, few or no women artists were noted at this time. Besides, even those that were noted were considered to have artistic works of lower quality and value than the products developed by men artists . The femalesââ¬â¢ contribution towards art was in particular visible in the development and the production of visual culture during the Enlightenment and Revolution periods. During this period (18th century), women are regarded to have played critical role in visual culture through representation, textual and pictorial, which became associated with women (Hyde and Milam, 2003). The females recognized the role that their artistic works could play in helping improve their position in the society. They could give a visual impression of their feelings and emotions through the art works like paintings. The females could also express their political views or ideas through these artistic works. The femalesââ¬â¢ participation in the society improved significantly courtesy of their increased involvement in art. Several individuals and activists supported women in this culture-developing initiative. Their contributions towards shaping the culture of the Western Society came from differ ent directions. As a result, in one way or the other female became shapers of culture through avenues such as sponsorship, taking part in literary and philosophical salons, writing, patronage, painting, or some other means, described to be multifold and paradoxical as the individual women themselves (Hyde and Milam, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Art: Female Role in Visual Art specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unfortunately, the struggle to have a full recognition of women artistsââ¬â¢ contribution to the field of art has been an ongoing issue that reemerges. This was evident in the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century when most men returned from the Second World War (Shubitz, n.d). Tired of being unappreciated by the male artists, women initiated movements to advocate for change. Such movements were witnessed in the 1970s. The women vowed that if the society, and in particu lar, the male artists, could not support their works then they would unite in order to support each other (Shubitz, n.d). Several associations were developed that could enable the works of female artists to be seen on the global scene. An example was the Womenââ¬â¢s Caucus for Art, an association that would see female artworks feature in museums and various exhibitions (Shubitz, n.d). Three Women and Visual Artistic Culture It must be mentioned, that the 18th century is a period in which the position of the women in the society had significant developments. During the period, feminine beauty gained much power and the individuals who had the beauty or could develop it were greatly valued in the society (Shubitz, n.d). Some three female artists of this period developed what remain as some of the celebrated pieces of visual culture that for a long time has revolutionalized the aspect of gender and art (Tierney, 1999). The artistic works of Adà ©laà ¯de Labille-Guiard, Louise Ãâ° lisabeth Vigà ©e Le Brun, and Anne Vallayer-Coster, had significant contribution to the 18th century art. Nonetheless, in spite of the significant contributions that the female artists made to the field of visual art, few records of the developments are provided. It is evident that this particular area of concern has not been explored to its fullest by the scholars in the history of arts and related disciplines. This part of the paper will compare and contrast the works of these three female artists. The works of these three historical painters Adà ©laà ¯de Labille-Guiard was born in 1749 in Paris, France, and was brought up here. Her participating in the field of art during this period was just as ââ¬Å"abnormalâ⬠as was expected since the Paris of the late eighteenth century did not recognize women in the art world at that time (Auricchio and Museum, 2009, p.1). A lot of literature that focus on the artworks before the period of revolution have emphasized on the works of male artists like Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825). The artwork of this female was largely depicted through miniatures, pastels, and oil paints through which, Labille-Guiard was able to express and redefine the gender politics in art history (Auricchio and Museum, 2009; Greer, 2001). The artists of this period concentrated on the genres like portraiture, still life, landscapes, and scenes ordinary life (Auricchio and Museum, 2009,). Later on, after getting married, she was trained on different other areas by different instructors. She was instructed on the pastel techniques by Maurice Quentin de la Tour.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She continued her perfection in the field and turned to the other professionals around her who could provide proper instructions and support for her work. She was later instructed (in 1977) on the art of oil painting by Francois Andre-Vincent, the son of her first teacher in miniature (Auricchio and Museum, 2009, p.11; Claudia, 2011). The early works of the artist were exhibited at the Academy of St Luke where she was admitted in 1969. She studied and practiced at the institution until it was dissolved in 1776. The artist showed much effort in portraits. Among the earlier works of this painter is Portrait of the Comte de Clermont-Tonnerre. This was her self-portrait that was dressed in a costume that had a mixture of textures. Louise Ãâ°lisabeth Vigà ©e Le Brun was another famous French artist of the 18th century. On her part, Le Brun is regarded as one of the few female artists who influenced the visual culture through her artwork mainly reflected in Rococo and portrait paint ar t (Milam, 2011; Norman, 1978). Rococo art has its origin in the French art of the 18th century. The name was derived from the French term rocailles, which was used in the early 18th century by the artists to categorize the wide range of ornamentals that form the current Rococo art (Milam, 2011). Le Brun used the styles and coloring that was used by the French rococo artists in developing the portraits of women in a neoclassical dress. She had little focus on history paintings. Again, concentrating in these main forms of visual art, Le Brun was able to define and re-create new thinking and perception about female gender in art history. Le Brun started showing interest in art at an early age most likely because her father was an artist who instructed her at the early stages (Norman, 1978). She also learned by herself much about art (Rafter, 2005). Her artworks ranged from history paintings to landscapes even though most of her works were colored portraits of the renowned politicians i n a given country (Rafter, 2005). The artist was mainly successful in developing portraits for women and some of her historical portraits are Mlle Porparati 1792, Elizabeth Alexcyevna 1792, and Mme de Stael 1808)(Norman, 1978). She also developed her self-portrait on several occasions. Her use of the rococo style of the French art appealed so much to the women who were in turn attracted to her works. Other works included a portrait of Mrs. Charles de Gaulle and two pastels of Queen Louise of Prussia. She had an exceptional talent in art and pleased several people with her artwork. As a result, she was summoned to royal family to become the official portraitist of the queen in 1778. She painted several portraits of Queen Marie Antoinette (Norman, 1978; Rafter, 2005). Excelling in the field of art had several challenges for Le Brun. Just like the other female artists in the eighteenth century, Elisabeth had to deal with the difficulties of being a woman. The men and society in general had no support for their artistic efforts. Besides, the artist was a royalist and yet this period was characterized by a heightened French Revolution. While continuing with her work to support herself and the family, Le Brun also had to run off the dangers that followed the revolutionist movements (Rafter, 2005). The situation worsened when the royal family was finally arrested in the revolution. The artist who had had a close relationship with the court had to flee the country for her safety. She was enlisted as one of the individuals who stood on the way of reforms by supporting the leadership of the royal family (Rafter, 2005). Her loyalty to the royal family would be evident even several years later after her exile when she finally resettled in the country. She was still opposed to the rule of Napoleon. She fled to countries like Russia, Italy, and Austria. While in her exile in the European countries, Elisabeth had the opportunity to join different institutions, interact with different artists, and meet different aristocrats. She joined the Academies of Rome, Florence, Bologna, St Petersburg, and Berlin while traversing the European countries (Norman 1978; Rafter, 2005). In these institutions, she had the opportunity to paint renowned individuals like heads and queens of states in order to support herself and her family. She visited several other countries as well before later settling back in Paris, France until her death. Anne Vallayer-Coster is another female artist who overcame the masculine restrictions in art world to define the role of female in artwork through her famous still life painting. Just like the other female artists of the 18th century, Anne suffered the little attention given to them by the society. She also suffered the refutation of being close to the royal family (National Gallery of art, 2002). Still life painting is an art that excludes the human form and has no narrative nature like history painting Bryson, 2001, p.60). This was an area where Anne vividly defined the role of female in artwork. This earned her respect, and to great extent, she became an influential figure in visual art history (Bryson, 2001). Little literature is available about her early training in the field of art. It is thought that the role models who influenced her into the field of art was her mother who was a painter of miniatures and some great landscape painter, Claude-Joseph Vernet (National Gallery of Art, 2002). Just like the other two female artists, Anne also had the slim opportunity to be absorbed into the art academies of that time. The artist had well developed skills in depiction of flowers, an ability that drew the attention of several collectors and artists in the 18th century in France. She would receive enthusiastic reviews during various exhibitions. This drew the attention of the court and Queen Marie-Antoinette, who was attracted to her still life paintings, summoned her to be the court painter (National Gallery of Art, 2002). Vallayer-Coster stayed with the royal family as a court painter for several years. She later developed interest and was able to produce not only still life paintings but portraits as well. The artist left a legacy of over 120 still life paintings made with beautiful coloration. Some of her flower still life paintings were Bouquet of Flowers in a Blue Porcelain Vase (1776) and A Vase of Flowers and Two Plums on a Marble Tabletop (1781) (National Gallery of Art,2002). The latter would later be used as a model in the Gobelins tapestry. The other works by the artist include Still Life with Seashells and Coral (1769), and Still Life with Lobster (1817). To this end, it is evident that the three artists had varied interests in the field of art. A comparative cross-examination of the artworks shows that their works had certain similarities and differences. Labille-Guiard had special interest in portraiture. She had a vast mastery of the art of oil painting and yet she continued to produce artistic works in pastel and miniatures as well. One of her famous works was Self-portrait with two pupils, a painting that was first shown in the 1785 exhibition. The painting was 210.8cm by 151.1cm. In this work, the artist painted herself dressed in some fashionable attire with together with two other female pupils, Mlle Marie Capet and Mlle Carreaux de Rosemond, who were her students at the time. The material and technique used in developing this painting was oil on canvas. This technique was also used by Anne and Le Brun in developing some of their paintings as described here below. The painting has fine details and characterized by rich palette. Source: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/53.225.5 Most of the works of this artist were characterized by masculine like crisp handling, muted tones, and truth to nature (Auricchio, 2011). However, this picture is dominated with the females and is filled with feminine pride and energy. The presence of these two pu pils showed her femininity. The only masculine appearance in the picture is the image of the artistââ¬â¢s father that she opted to include in the picture background. Due to this feminine dominance, the work was challenged by some of the reviews as propaganda to advocate for the position of women in the society (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2011). Nonetheless, this was seemingly one of her only few works that appeared to support revolution. Self-portrait in a straw hat is one of the outstanding artworks by Louise Ãâ°lisabeth Vigà ©e Le Brun. This is self-portrait of the artist and measures about 97.8 by 70.5 cm. The portrait is colorfully designed with a blend of bright and dull coloration. Source: http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/rococo/images/ElisabethVigeeLebrun-Self-Portrait-1782.jpg The portrait depicts Le Brun in a serious mood charging at the audience boldly and frankly. She is holding a painting palette loosely in her hands. It can be observed that she ha s not made her hair and yet she has put on seemingly expensive hearings. The medium used in the portrait is oil on canvas. Among the famous still life paintings by Anne is Bouquet of flowers in a Blue Porcelain vase. This is a relatively large painting of this type (approximately 122.6 by 113.03 cm). The painting has varied coloration in the forefront and a dull background. The medium and technique used for this painting were oil on canvas. Source: http://popartmachine.com/item/pop_art/2012-DMA_.1998.52.FA/ANNE-VALLAYER-COSTER-BOUQUET-OF-FLOWERS-IN-A-BLUE-PORCELAIN-VASE-1776 All these three works by the different artists have applied a similar technique of painting; oil on canvas. The three artworks also have beautiful colorations that are appealing to the women mostly. On the other hand, the works of Labille-Guiard and Le Brun are human portraits whereas this work by Anne is a still life composition. Similarly, Anneââ¬â¢s still life painting has no political impression as compa red to the works of the other two artists. In her work, Self-portrait with two pupils, Labille-Guiard portrays support for feminist movement by dominating the painting by females. In her painting, Self-portrait in a straw hat, Le Brun also expresses her hidden political feelings that women should be given be given better position in the society. The boldness in the face indicates the courage that the artist has in the power of women. However, this political view appears to be not outstanding and the artist remained faithful to the royal family throughout. The other works of the artists followed similar trends in the painting techniques and the field of art. The different works by the artists portrayed their divergent views and abilities. The works of Adà ©laà ¯de Labille-Guiard portray her as a woman with defined ambitions and strong determination. While at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, the works of this artist were often compared with that of Ãâ°lisabeth Vigà ©e Le Brun, who was also at the Academy. Anne was also at the academy but her artistic works were mainly in a different genre; a direct comparison was often irrelevant. Thus, to this end, Labille-Guiard and Elisabeth Vigà ©e Le Brun had certain aspects in common in relation to art field. They had a common interest in portraiture as several of their products were of this type. Most of their works were portraiture with varied coloration. However, the two artists also had differences. They were mainly considered as rivals in this field of art by the academicians and their patrons at the court (Milam, 2011, p.157) even though the rivalry could also be attributed to the influence of the male artists. They also had different political views. The political position of the Labille-Guiard was contrary to most of her work. While most of her work concentrated on portraits of the conservative individuals in the royal family, the artist supported the French Revolution (Claudia, 2011). This contra sts the position of Elisabeth Vigà ©e Le Brun, another artist of this time who was loyal to the conservatives and did not push much for reforms. Labille-Guiard was a strong women activist struggling to defend the rights of women artists against the conservative institutions of the Royal Academy of Paris. As she worked on the large portraits of the members of the royal family at the academy, the artist pushed for various reforms in the academy (Claudia, 2011). The works of Anne remained a little different from the works of the other two artists. On her side, this work by Anne and the other works by the artist had no political depiction. Unlike, Labille-Guiard who supported feminist movements while serving at the Royal family, Anne did come out pronounced to support the movements. Her still life composition and even the subsequent portraits were not in any way in support of, or against, the feminist and reform movements that were rocking the nations. She remained a royalist just like Louise Ãâ°lisabeth Vigà ©e Le Brun. There are not records indicating that Anne Vallayer-Coster participated in, or supported, the revolutionists during the French Revolution. Conclusion It has to be acknowledged that the female artists played an important role in defining and creating visual culture that in essence influenced Western society. The heights female artists reached were not easy as many obstacles presented in the way. The position of the women was low in the society and the female artists had limited access to opportunities that could help them develop the abilities. Nevertheless, despite the challenges encountered, a number of female artists of the 18th century exerted energy and power that made them to be visible in the artistic history. Three of the early female artists had immense influence in the artistic world of the 18th and 19th centuries. There were certain similarities as well as differences in the works of Louise Ãâ°lisabeth Vigà ©e Le Brun, Anne Vallay er-Coster, and Adà ©laà ¯de Labille-Guiard. All of them suffered the harsh treatment of female artists. Some were accused of presenting, in the exhibitions, works that had been developed earlier by the males- e.g. their tutors. Similarly, even though they had interests in different genres of art, all produced, at least in some point in life, portraits. The three artists applied a common technique, oil on a canvas, in some of their artworks. Besides, all the three artists were admitted into the academy of art that was mainly set aside for male artists of that time. However, of the three female artists, only Labille-Guiard strongly supported the revolutionist movement that was prevailing in the country then. She used her artistic works to fight for the social recognition of women in the society. References Auricchio, L. (2011). Eighteenth-Century Women Painters in France. Retrieved from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/18wa/hd_18wa.htm Auricchio, L Museum, J. P. G. (2009). Adà ©la à ¯de Labille-Guiard: artist in the age of revolution. NY: Getty Publications. Bryson, N. (2001). Looking at the overlooked: four essays on still life painting. London: Reaktion Books. Claudia. (2011). Adà ©laà ¯de Labille-Guiard. Retrieved from http://www.ladyreading.net/labille-guiard/biography.html. Claudia. (2011b). The art of Adà ©laà ¯de Labille-Guiard. Retrieved from http://www.ladyreading.net/labille-guiard/details.html Greer, G. (2001). The obstacle race: the fortunes of women painters and their work. NY: Tauris Parke Paperbacks. Hyde, M. L., Milam, J. D. (2003). Women, art and the politics of identity in eighteenth-century Europe. VT: Ashgate Publishing. Milam, J. D. (2011). Historical Dictionary of Rococo Art. MA: Scarecrow Press. National Gallery of Art. (2002). Stunning Still Lifes by Anne Vallayer-Coster, Foremost 18th-Century Painter in Court of Marie-Antoinette, On View at the National Gallery of Art June 30 through September 22, 2002. Retrieved from http://www .nga.gov/press/exh/179/index.shtm. Norman, G. (1978). Nineteenth-century painters and painting: a dictionary. CA: University of California Press. Palmer, A. L. (2011). Historical dictionary of neoclassical art and architecture. MA: Scarecrow Press. Rafter, E. (2005). Marie-Louise Elisabeth Vigà ©e-Lebrun. Retrieved from http://departments.kings.edu/womens_history/mlevl.html Shubitz, J. (N.d). Women, Art and Gender: A History. Retrieved from http://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/mcbride/ws200/womenandgender.html Tierney, H. (1999). Womenââ¬â¢s studies encyclopedia. CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. The Metroploitan Museum of Art. (2011). Self-Portrait with Two Pupils, Mademoiselle Marie Gabrielle Capet (1761ââ¬â1818) and Mademoiselle Carreaux de Rosemond. Retrieved from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/53.225.5. This essay on Gender and Art: Female Role in Visual Art was written and submitted by user Layton Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-43419763883933556032019-11-25T14:27:00.001-08:002019-11-25T14:27:05.908-08:00How to Use Est-ce Que to Ask Questions in FrenchHow to Use Est-ce Que to Ask Questions in French Est-ce queà (pronouncedà es keu) is a French expression that is useful for asking a question. Literally translated, this phrase means is it that..., although in conversation it rarely is interpreted that way. Instead, it is a convenience of everyday French, an interrogatory phrase that easily turns a statement into a question. It is a slightly informal construction; the more formal or polite way to ask questions is with inversion, which involves inverting the normal pronoun/noun verb order. But in everyday spoken French, est-ce que is far more common because it does the inverting for you: Est-ce que is the inversion of cest que. (Note that a hyphen is required between ce and est when theyà are inverted to est-ce.) The word order of the original sentence stays exactly the same; you just add the already inverted phrase est-ce que to the front of the sentence. This simple structure works best for yes/no questions. For example: à à à Tu travailles. / Est-ce que tu travailles? à You work. / Do you work?à à à Paulette la trouvà ©. / Est-ce que Paulette la trouvà ©? à Paulette found it. / Did Paulette find it?à à à Vous navez pas faim. / Est-ce que vous navez pas faim? à You arent hungry. / Arent you hungry? OR Are you not hungry? Note that que must contract when it follows a word beginning with a vowel: à à à Elle est arrivà ©e. / Est-ce quelle est arrivà ©e? à She has arrived. / Has she arrived?à à à Il y a des problà ¨mes. / Est-ce quil y a des problà ¨mes? à There are problems. / Are there problems?à à à Anny vient avec nous. / Est-ce quAnny vient avec nous? à Anny is coming with us. Is Anny coming with us? To ask questions that ask for information like who, what, where, when, why and how, place an interrogative pronoun, adverb or adjective before est-ce que. For example: Qui est-ce que vous avez vu? à Whom did you see?ââ¬â¹Quand est-ce que tu vas partir? à When are you going to leave?ââ¬â¹Quel livre est-ce quil veut? à Which book does he want? Remember that est-ce que is the inversion of cest que, meaning literally, It is that. Thats why a hyphen is required between est and ce: cest ce est which are inverted to est-ce. Depending on their place in the sentence, the variationsà quest-ce qui and qui est-ce quià are also useful, but understanding them requires further discussion ofà interrogative pronouns. For now, heres a summary. SUMMARY OF FRENCH INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS Subject of question Object of question After preposition People quiqui est-ce qui quiqui est-ce que qui Things quest-ce qui quequest-ce que quoi Additional Resources Asking questions in FrenchFrench interrogativesExpressions with à ªtreMost common French phrases Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-56701631116532193642019-11-21T21:51:00.001-08:002019-11-21T21:51:04.543-08:00Critique the article provided Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsCritique the article provided - Essay Example The study findings detailed that heart failure readmissions rates and quality of life did not considerably vary between control groups and treatment. The study also revealed that, health beliefs, apart from benefits of medication, considerably shifted from baseline within the treatment group in directions hypothesized by the Health Belief Model. In the article, Sethares and Elliott (2004) conclude that a tailored message intervention altered the beliefs of the individuals with heart failure in terms of the gains and barriers of taking medications, self-monitoring for indications of fluid overload, and committing to a sodium-restricted diet. Sethares and Elliott (2004) maintains that future research may be required to further examine the influence of health belief changes on real self-care behaviors, especially on the impact of tailored interventions on real changes within self-care behaviors and the dose of intervention required to influence the changes. The title of the article is concise in implying the key variables of the study and the study population. The title of the article highlights the focus of the article and variables that will be utilized in the study. The abstract of the article concisely summarizes the key features of the study including objective, design, subjects, theoretical framework, results, and conclusions. The statement of the problem is clear-cut and easy to identify; furthermore, the problem statement forms the foundations of a coherent persuasive argument on the efficacy of a tailored message intervention provided during hospital admission. Evidently, the problem presented in the study has a significant bearing on nursing. There is a good alignment between the research problem and the quantitative methods and paradigms utilized in the study. The randomized control trial was utilized to appraise the impact of a tailored message intervention on heart failure readmission rates and quality of Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-75732940098764841822019-11-20T17:38:00.001-08:002019-11-20T17:38:04.438-08:00Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Research ProposalReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation - Research Proposal Example Despite of all these benefits, 100 million hectares of forests are air-purifying machines sequestrating worldââ¬â¢s carbon dioxide. Sad thing is, these forests are being destroyed at an alarming rate. Both illegal export and domestic logging play the major role in the decrease of forests. Main reason of this huge mismanagement is the information gap in various Indonesian forests departments as well as absence of strict implementation of forest laws. That is why this research paper is so important because it will bridge this information gap by using ââ¬ËQualitative Research Methodologyââ¬â¢. Most forest data that these departments have is outdated or is limited. Data needs to be upgraded and properly archived with regular updating. The paper will look deep inside this matter and will spot specific loopholes and suggest various solutions to them by looking at various methods being used around the world to save and protect forests. An information centered approach will be used to suggest such solutions that will probably help curb illegal logging of priceless forests of Indonesia. Qualitative research method will provide suggestions that will look at both aspects where there is a need of compiling data on current forest boundaries as well as the need for recording changes in the boundaries of forests. Consequently this will be accomplished by proposing laws and various valuable guidelines for proper forestry care. Useful matrices will be provided in the research paper that will give guidelines to the planners and forest managers for collecting forest data and forest products manufacturing Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-41818733742355436512019-11-18T17:37:00.001-08:002019-11-18T17:37:03.441-08:00PetMeds Transformation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsPetMeds Transformation - Case Study Example The set of variables are grouped into transformational and transactional factors (Falletta, 2005). This paper focuses on the seven transactional variables, such as structure, tasks and skills, management practices, systems and policies, work unit climate, motivation and individual needs and goals. Burke-Litwin Model defines the organizational structure as an arrangement of functions and people into specific areas and levels of responsibility, decision-making authority, communication and relationships (Falletta, 2005). Such structure shall support the organization's mission, goals and strategy in order to achieve competitive advantage for the firm (Porter, 1985). PetMed Express can be considered as a mechanistic organization that follows the functional departmentalization structure. The company has highly specialized departments with high formalization and a clear chain of command. The company's structure supports its cost leadership strategy by increasing consistency and reducing cost through centralization and management control (McShane, 2001). The company currently has 248 full time employees distributed into four departments of customer care, warehouse, pharmacy and corporate departments. The customer care department consists of customer care representatives in a call center environment while the warehouse department consists of supervisors and associates. The pharmacy department employs pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and support. The corporate department is composed of accounting, legal, marketing, information technology, purchasing and human resources. Below is the organizational diagram of PetMed. (PetMed Express, 2009) Figure . PetMeds Organizational Chart In order to be effective in serving the customers demand, PetMeds employed 143 people in customer care and marketing, 58 people in pharmacy, and 34 people in warehouse and purchasing. Therefore, the structure of human resources in the company is aligned with its mission of delivering exceptional service, savings and convenience to its customers while maintaining a corporate strategy of cost advantage. Tasks and Skills and Motivation The business success of PetMed Express is attributed to the core competencies of their customer care, warehouse and pharmacy department. According to Prahalad and Hamel (1990), the core competencies of a company are the collective learning in the organization that involves communication, involvement and deep commitment to working across organizational boundaries. Therefore, the core competencies provide potential access to a wide variety of markets and make a significant contribution to the customer benefits of its products. The Burke-Litwin Model describes tasks and skills as the behavior required for task effectiveness which includes specific skills and knowledge required to accomplish work (Falletta, 2005). The tasks and skills of an individual coupled with its motivation, or heightened behavior to achieve goals, have a significant impact on organizational performance and productivity. In other words, an empowered and motivated employee will perform its duties and responsibilities when his tasks and skills are matched with the job requirements. The human resource management has an extensive recruitment and selection strategy that identifies the needs of the job as well as the competency of the employee. The bulk of the Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-14775179262177364952019-11-16T06:09:00.001-08:002019-11-16T06:09:03.512-08:00The Social Expression Industry In The Uk Marketing EssayThe Social Expression Industry In The Uk Marketing Essay Carte Blanche, a renowned player in the social expression industry in the UK and worldwide, is set to introduce a new product, e-greeting card, on January 1, 2011. This report therefore covers the new product and brand development strategy and their associated activities that may ensure the success of the brand from development up to the first 3 to 4 years of its life cycle. The strategy is broken down into 3 objectives, namely: to develop a new social expression product to the selected target market; to develop new area of brand strategy toward achieving set sales target; and to position Carte Blanche through the activities above to deliver excellent growth rate. The product shall serve young people and their families and shall be distributed intensively on the internet while employing competitive pricing to ensure market penetration. Table of Contents Introduction Carte Blanche Greetings Ltd is one of the key players in the social expression industry in the UK, and globally. The social expression industry is associated with greeting cards, notes and stationery, gift wrap, and other socially expressive products (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 41). The best seller of all the products produced from the social expression market is the greeting card. It accounts for a sizeable portion of the over $4 billion worth of the social expression market, globally (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 41). The global annual growth rate of the industry is estimated to be an impressive 7 percent (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). The developed countries including the UK and other Western European countries, North America, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan account for a disproportionately high percent of the market demand (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). Carte Blanche Greetings was founded by Stephen Haines over more than twenty years ago and he still serves as its Chairman (Carte Blanche, 2010). Carte Blanche is a global player in the social expression industry with a reputable brand and product portfolio which span the different available categories of the industry (Carte Blanche, 2010). Carte Blanche currently boasts of recognized brands and a reputable product portfolio. The products are currently published in 14 languages, and distributed in more than 60 countries employing multiple channels of distribution (Carte Blanche, 2010). The social expression industry is characterized by constant change (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996) and cultural sensitivity (Keegan, 1969). This report is necessary in defining a path for ensuring the growth of Carte Blanche in the highly competitive, constantly changing, and culturally sensitive social expression industry over the next three to five years. Audit SWOT and PEST analyses will be carried-out here as models are particularly valuable in ensuring logical consistency and exploring the subtle interactions involving a limited number of variables (Porter, 1991, p. 98). SWOT analysis SWOT framework that encompasses the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a company in relation to its internal and external environment respectively, and it is a reliable process for strategy selection (Barney, 1996; Novicevic et al., 2004). The framework as applied to Carte Blanche is as below: Strength Carte Blanche boasts of recognized brands and a reputable product portfolio that the consumer is already familiar with and trust. The Carte Blanche products are currently published in 14 languages worldwide taking into cognizance the cultural sensitivity of the social expression industry. The company already has global presence as it is found in over 60 countries and ensures effective distribution through multiple distribution channels. Carte Blanche employs the use of local licensee to reap such benefits as minimal asset commitment in physical assets such as inventory and human resources (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 46). Weaknesses Limited global coverage. Lack of financial muscle. Opportunities Carte Blanche possesses good prospects for product transfer to other countries not presently covered. The prospect for product transfer is said to be greatest for nations with characteristics similar to that of the originating countries (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 42), whereas the UK, Carte Blanches home country, shares a lot with many of UKs former colonies such as India. There is great potential for further internalization of Carte Blanche products as only 60 of the many countries in the world are currently covered. Threats The industry is characterized by heavy weight competitors both in the UK and abroad with global outreach such as Hallmark, American Greetings, and Gibson Greetings (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 40). The industry is laced with cultural sensitivity and could lead to lost sales and considerable corporate embarrassment (Ricks, 1983 as cited by Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 40) for an industry player who commits a cultural blunder. PEST analysis Political Legal regulations require different methods of packaging for the social expression products in different environments (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). The government and its regulatory agencies often regulate the type of different materials that may be used in product manufacturing, and this may vary from one country to another (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). Government regulations may also place restrictions and set standards for product labeling (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). For advertising, PR, and trade promotion with their associated financial cost are often highly regulated by the government (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). Export to other countries may be restricted or hampered by inter-government relations, trade accords, and policies (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). Environmental Variations in climate and/ or weather of the Carte Blanche home country from its export countries may requires product adaptation(Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). For example, the tropics do not experience snow fall during the Christmas season. Workers or employees in the target countries for internationalization may generally possess lower expertise than in the UK and hence may require some training with its associated cost (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). To take full economic advantage of new markets, products should be developed to meet the different occasions, celebrations, and festival found there (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). Social The different social celebrations such as festivals found in different environments often necessitate the need for different customize products and may lead to increased revenue (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996).. The industry is laced with cultural sensitivity and could lead to lost sales and considerable corporate embarrassment (Ricks, 1983 as cited by Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 40) for an industry player who commits a cultural blunder. But, it is also a huge opportunity to meet need demands. Technology The industry players require relatively extensive investment in technology in improving on their efficiency, effective, and general performance (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996). Carte Blanche makes use of innovative supply chain associated technology in ensuring effective and efficient distribution of its productive for a competitive advantage (Carte Blanche, 2010). SMART objectives To give concrete direction and make the success of the new product development measurable at the end of the day, we have set the following SMART objectives. To develop a new social expression product to be launched by January 1, 2011 to the selected target market; Develop new area of brand strategy toward achieving sales target of à £500,000 by December 31, 2011; and Position Carte Blanche through the activities above to deliver excellent growth rate of 10% per annum and market share of 40% over the next 3-5 years. The objectives above contain elements of long-term strategy although they have been set for the first 12 months of the new product life cycle, but their achievement may ensure that the long-term objectives are realized. Huan et al. (2007, p. 277) citing Doyle et al. (1985), Hooley and Lynch (1985), Shaw (1995), Siu (2000), Baker and Leidecker (2001), and Siu and Liu (2005) argues that successful companies set longer term strategic objectives (i.e. short-run profits are not sought at the expense of longer run strategic objectives). New product and strategic brand development plan and implementation Considering a brand development plan for Carte Blanche is critical as many researchers such as McWilliam (1993), Tauber (1981), Economist (1990; 1991), and Ambler and Styles (1996) recognized that brand and line extensions is now a popular growth strategy, especially noticeable in saturated fast-moving consumer goods industries. However, developing brand or line extensions is one type of new product development (NPD) (Ambler and Styles, 1996, p.13). The new product development process shall follow that which was outlined by Kotler (1991). The eight point sequence that will generate the NPD plan is as discussed below: 1. Idea generation A thorough process of idea generation that involved contributions from the different stakeholders resulted in the birth of a variety of ideas concerning the new products that may be developed and how these may individual strengthen the market position and profitability of Carte Blanche. Some of these ideas include the extension of the current and different product lines, the extension of the current Carte Blanche brand(s), and the creation of a new product and brand altogether. With respect to the categories of ideas mentioned above, unique product offerings were also generated. 2. Idea screening: The generated ideas were further screened to isolate those that may most closely support the stated objectives of the new product and brand development strategy, and the overall Carte Blanche strategy (Kotler, 1991). Both line and brand extension have the advantage of reduced cost and risk as opposed to developing a totally new brand (McWilliam, 1993; Tauber, 1981; Economist, 1990; 1991). Also because the line and brand extensions have the advantage of standing on the foundation of an existing brand positioning, the risk of their failure is also minimal (Boush and Loken, 1991; Sunde and Brodie, 1993) compared to establishing a totally new brand. Hence, the strategy to be adopted is brand extension. According to Aaker and Keller (1990), brand extensions may be defined as entry into a new product category using an brand name that is already firmly established. The new product is electronic greeting cards that the customer may order for, be supplied with, and he may forward to his contact, all through the Internet. This is because consumers of social expression products are uniquely younger in many country like in the UK where record number of cards are given for 21st birthday celebrations (Berkowitz and Hill, 1996, p. 45). Furthermore, there is enormous growth potential in the internet world dominated by young people and in countries such as India and China with teeming young internet users. (ITU, 2010) This new product line may also benefit from the ubiquitous nature of the internet for easy commerce and widest distribution (ITU, 2010). 3. Concept development and testing A sample of what the online greeting card will be like and how it may be ordered for and received was developed. The concept having been tested with a randomly selected representative group of the target market gained favorable interest and commendation indicating possible product approval and adoption by the overall target market (Kotler, 1991). This way, the attitude of the target market to the new product was ascertained before embarking on any expensive and time consuming further product development (Kotler, 1991). 4. Marketing strategy development The new product(s), electronic greeting cards, is targeted at the families, especially the young people in the UK and abroad. Young people are easily accessible through various electronic media and channel, especially the Internet, and are quite savvy in its use for many activities such as for purchases and communications (Marketing Teacher, 2010). Products in the fast moving category such as social expression products like greeting cards and food if supported by appropriate and effective advertisement have been shown to be successful with this target market (McDonalds, nd). Statistically for the UK, 19% of the population is made up of age 16 and below; 14% of the population is made up of age 16 to 24. Furthermore, 63% of the UK children live with their parents; 6% of age 20 to 24 are married; and 19% cohabit or live with their parents (UK Office for National Statistics, 2007A; 2007B). These represent a huge market of Internet savvy individuals. 5. Business analysis (à ¬Ã nancial) Such factors as cost and demand projections; level and impact of competition; required investment; and the profitability of the new brand have been carefully considered. Figure 1 below represents a graphical representation of how the target market of the e-greeting card brand of Carte Blanche is envisaged to position the new product/ brand. However, the graph is based principally on personal perception derived from experiences and knowledge of the social expression industry. Key: blue bar: Carte Blanche current product offering; Red bar: e-greeting card; Green bar: competitors products Figure 1 A Market Positioning Map illustrating the position of the e-greeting card brand against competitors. Cost of production is expected to be much lower than in the production of hard greeting cards as there will be no expenses associated with purchase of materials such as card board and printing. However, significant initial investment will be required in the acquisition of IT infrastructure and training of designers in their use. Demand is expected to soar as there is a huge waiting market to exploit based on the statistics of the target market offered earlier. Also, the high return on investment that is associated with e-commerce is also anticipated in this case (ITU, 2010). 6. Physical product development (includes branding decision) Product Core-product: the core product represents the benefit of the new product to the consumer. It is in the category of social expression. It feels emotional needs and provides pleasure to both the sender and receiver. Tangible product: This represents the tangible or physical product but it is in the electronic form in this case, and primarily refer to the electronic or e-greeting cards. Brand name: Brand name selection is a part of the branding strategy and exercises a crucial role in a firms overall marketing strategy (Douglas et al., 2001). Many companies that are maintaining excellent growth despite intense competitions often rely on their well established brand in maintaining this revenue and market share growth demonstrating the importance of the choice of a brand name (McWilliam, 1993; Tauber, 1981; Economist, 1990; 1991; and Ambler and Styles, 1996). Hence, two basic categories of brand names were considered for the e-greeting card. They are: Totally new names such as Mayors and Feel me that does not reflect Carte Blanche or any of its well established brands at all, and Names that are based on Carte Blanche and any of its well established brands. However, the name Carte Blanche e-Card was chosen. The choice comes with some relative advantages (Kotler and Pfoertsch, 2006) such as: 1. Rest on the good position of the Carte Blanche brand; 2. Carte Blanche offers trademark protection; 3. Ease of pronounce, remembrance, and recognition; and 4. It is attractive. Promotion A combination of both pull and push strategy will be employed here. The pull strategy will be designed to stimulate demand from the target market. Active public relations, viral marketing, personal selling, and public interviews will be used to create a visible brand and encourage the target market to seek out the new product. The push strategy will form the primary promotion strategy to be employed as the product is being introduced to the target market newly. Therefore, an initial push strategy may be effective in creating awareness and familiarity for the new product (Berthon et al., 2003). The push strategy will make use of a media-mix strategy (Ephron, 2000) using paid advert in magazines, newspaper, TV, and radio and outdoor advertising, and on the internet, for maximum impact. Pricing Penetration strategy shall be employed. This is because the product is new and its survival at the market entry stage is critical (Penn state University, 2007). The price will hence be kept as low as possible at the market entry stage but shall remain dynamic and respond to the different stages of the product life-cycle and market forces. The rationale behind this strategy is demonstrated in the Figure 2 below: Economy Premium Skimming Penetration Low Low Quality Pr ice High Figure 2 Pricing strategy matrix (Source: Marketing Teacher, 2010) High Distribution Intensive distribution of the product shall be the distribution strategy. The product shall be distributed principally over the internet using all electronic gadgets with Internet connection capability. Kotler and Pfoertsch (2006) are of the opinion that revenue generated from similar products is often a function of the intensity of the distribution, and intensive distribution is critical for market recognition and penetration, and gaining market share for a new product. 7. Market testing Before the full commercialization of the product is carried-out, it shall be offered for sale on Carte Blanche website and other well-known outlets on the internet. This will enable the monitoring of consumer reaction to it; the products performance based on the designed marketing plan; and the response of the competitors to it. 8. Commercialization The final stage of product and brand development. After testing and analysis, the firm finally introduces the product to its target market. This also involves implementing a total marketing plan and full production. Measurement of SMART Objectives The realization or not of the SMART objectives shall be evaluated using measures and metrics from Kokkinaki and Ambler (1999) and Kurtinaitiene (2005) that have been validated in literature. There are 6 categories of available metrics under this framework, however, the most relevant shall be applied to the measurement of the SMART objectives in this case. These categories are: Financial measures (as turnover, contribution margin and profit) Competitive market measures (as market share, advertising and promotional shares) Consumer behaviour measures (as consumer penetration, loyalty and customer gained) Consumer intermediate measures (as brand recognition, satisfaction and purchase intention) Direct customer measures (as distribution level, profitability of intermediaries and service quality) Innovativeness measures (as products launched and their revenue) The performance of the new product shall be evaluated against the above metrics so that effectiveness of the marketing and brand strategy can be determined. Conclusion There exist enormous potential in the e-greeting card segment of the social expression industry that the industry players may tap into. This report as shown the challenges of the social expression industry such as cultural sensitivity and constant change. However, Carte Blanche, a well known industry player in the UK with tentacles in most part of the world may ensure continuous growth over the next three to five years by tapping into the opportunity that IT and Internet offers for production and distribution of products respectively. Following the recommendations of this report may help ensure that Carte Blanche position itself and its brand(s) for the prospective steady growth. Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3956021213226287277.post-75909010803114655142019-11-13T18:39:00.001-08:002019-11-13T18:39:02.474-08:00Fight to Maintain Freedom of Speech on the Internet :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers Fight to Maintain Freedom of Speech on the Internet à à Imagine yourself trapped inside another world, a world where your essence is made entirely of words that can say whatever you desire. You could be young or old, male or female or neither, you are only as limited as your imagination. Now Imagine that someone wants to have a say in what can be said, seen, and done in this brave new world, what would this change, and more importantly who decides what's 'good' and what's 'bad'? à In the ordinary and mundane world of real life people have always fought for the pursuit of happiness, free speech, etc. They are subjects which have always shouted in the hearts of our nations heroes, and rightfully so. What would our world be like if the government controlled what we were allowed to see and to say? It seems that George Orwell described it best in his book 1984 when he gave the scenario of a society in which people who committed the heinous act of thoughtcrime, the act of thinking something that goes against the party line, mysteriously disappeared into the night never to be seen again. Thankfully, the hordes of would be 'thought police' members have been staved off throughout history and we have achieved a relatively liberal society where people are, for the most part, able to speak their minds openly. Well, even in today's world there are still people who get pissed off when they think that free speech goes to far and they say something about it. This brings me to my main point. à The Internet. A land made possible in 1968 by the Dept. of Defense with the idea that if all other lines of communications were destroyed in the advent of war then at least we'd have computers, (I don't know, maybe they thought the electricity might magically produce itself after the bombing stopped). Any ways, thankfully the Internet has evolved beyond that into something which encompasses just about every possible human interest out there. A hodgepodge of political ideals ranging from big business capitalism to the gender erasing equality of the socialist mindset make the Internet a place where conflicts of interest often arise. Ryan Bragghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13273586275275079878noreply@blogger.com0